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britannica.com

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Free website and domain report on britannica.com

Last Updated: 10th June, 2024 Update Now
Overview

Snoop Summary for britannica.com

This is a free and comprehensive report about britannica.com. Our records indicate that britannica.com is owned/operated by Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.. Britannica.com is expected to earn an estimated $47,190 USD per day from advertising revenue. The sale of britannica.com would possibly be worth $34,448,760 USD. This figure is based on the daily revenue potential of the website over a 24 month period. Britannica.com receives an estimated 5,068,277 unique visitors every day - an unbelievable amount of traffic! This report was last updated 10th June, 2024.

About britannica.com

Site Preview: britannica.com britannica.com
Title: Encyclopedia Britannica | Britannica
Description: Explore the fact-checked online encyclopedia from Encyclopaedia Britannica with hundreds of thousands of objective articles, biographies, videos, and images from experts.
Keywords and Tags: american flag, britannica, dictionary, education, encyclopaedia, encyclopedia, fall season, food, greensboro sit in, india, iran, joseph antoine ferdinand plateau, junko tabei, martin luther king jr day, online, popular, reference, sir john tenniel, snake, st patrick's day, store, ted bundy, temperature, thesaurus, will rogers
Related Terms: checked, concepts. encyclopedia, encyclopedia of vernacular architecture, encyclopedia universalis, gandhi encyclopedia, homeopathy encyclopedia, microscope objective, objective c, online encyclopedia, subjective vs objective
Fav Icon:
Age: Over 29 years old
Domain Created: 14th June, 1995
Domain Updated: 9th June, 2022
Domain Expires: 13th June, 2023
Review

Snoop Score

5/5 (Perfect!)

Valuation

$34,448,760 USD
Note: All valuation figures are estimates.

Popularity

Worldwide Sensation
Note: Popularity is estimated.

Rank, Reach and Authority

Alexa Rank: 483
Alexa Reach:
SEMrush Rank (US): 36
SEMrush Authority Score: 79
Moz Domain Authority: 93
Moz Page Authority: 71

Organic vs Paid (Google Ads)

Organic Paid
Keywords: 6,529,596 1
Traffic: 80,987,232 169
Cost: $98,840,988 USD $499 USD
Traffic

Visitors

Daily Visitors: 5,068,277
Monthly Visitors: 154,262,386
Yearly Visitors: 1,849,921,105
Note: All visitors figures are estimates.

Visitors By Country

Revenue

Revenue

Daily Revenue: $47,190 USD
Monthly Revenue: $1,436,317 USD
Yearly Revenue: $17,224,375 USD
Note: All revenue figures are estimates.

Revenue By Country

SEO

Backlinks Analysis (SEMrush)

Backlinks: 31,306,753
Referring Domains: 177,148
Referring IPs: 146,154
Britannica.com has 31,306,753 backlinks according to SEMrush. 76% of these backlinks are "dofollow" (follow) links which allow the flow of link equity to pass through, which may improve britannica.com's search engine rankings. Other links are treated as 'hints' by search engines and may also pass link equity, depending on what search engines decide in each case.
100% of britannica.com's backlinks are text and image links, which are ideal for SEO. Other backlink types may be unrecognized or ignored by search engines.

Top New Follow Links

1
Source: http://iaitew.me/
Target: https://cdn.britannica.com/21/199221-004-C670E46C.jpg
2
Source: http://iaibow.me/
Target: https://cdn.britannica.com/s:300x300/24/199924-004-6EAAD825.jpg
3
Source: http://iaibow.me/
Target: https://cdn.britannica.com/78/74278-004-EC92F4A9.jpg
4
Source: http://iaibow.me/
Target: https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/84/160284-004-E062AD71.jpg
5
Source: http://iaibow.me/
Target: https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/51/157551-004-60A317EE.jpg

Top Ranking Keywords (US)

1
Keyword: food
Ranked Page: https://www.britannica.com/topic/food
2
Keyword: american flag
Ranked Page: https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-the-United-States-of-America
3
Keyword: sir john tenniel
Ranked Page: https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Tenniel
4
Keyword: iran
Ranked Page: https://www.britannica.com/place/Iran
5
Keyword: india
Ranked Page: https://www.britannica.com/place/India

Domain Analysis

Value Length
Domain: britannica.com 14
Domain Name: britannica 10
Extension (TLD): com 3
Expiry Check:

Page Speed Analysis

Average Load Time: 1.48 seconds
Load Time Comparison: Faster than 51% of sites

PageSpeed Insights

Avg. (All Categories) 67
Performance 58
Accessibility 88
Best Practices 83
SEO 83
PWA 22
0–49 (Fail) 50–89 (Average) 90–100 (Pass)
URL: https://www.britannica.com/
Updated: 14th September, 2022

1.61 seconds
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
80%
14%
6%

0.04 seconds
First Input Delay (FID)
86%
11%
3%

Simulate loading on desktop
58

Performance

Indicates how well the page is performing and highlights opportunities where performance may be improved for britannica.com. This includes details about optimizing page load times which can result in a better user experience.

Metrics

Cumulative Layout Shift — 0
Cumulative Layout Shift is the measurement of visible elements collective movement within the viewport.
View Data

Other

Minify JavaScript
JavaScript (JS) files can contribute to network payload sizes and increase script parse times. Britannica.com should consider minifying JS files.
Reduce unused CSS — Potential savings of 38 KiB
Dead and/or unused rules in Style Sheets (CSS) can contribute to network payload sizes. Britannica.com should consider removing dead rules from style sheets and deferring the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
22059
19397
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
21023
19148
Efficiently encode images
Unoptimized images can consume more cellular data than what is necessary.
Enable text compression — Potential savings of 2 KiB
Text-based resources should be served with compression, such as gzip, deflate or brotli.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=gg_n-mediagrid_n-index_n-sharethrough_n-onetag_pm-db5_ym_rbd_ox-db5_an-db5_3lift&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1&dmt=3
2851
2051
Preconnect to required origins
Resource hints, such as 'preconnect' or 'dns-prefetch', may assist in establishing early connections to important third-party origins.
Initial server response time was short — Root document took 170 ms
It is advised to keep the server response time short for the main document, because all other requests depend on it.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
https://www.britannica.com/
170.661
Preload key requests
Key requests can be preloaded by using '<link rel=preload>'. Britannica.com should consider using '<link rel=preload>' to prioritize fetching resources that are currently requested later in page load.
Use video formats for animated content
Large GIFs are inefficient for delivering animated content. It is recommended to use MPEG4/WebM videos for animations and PNG/WebP for static images instead of GIF.
Remove duplicate modules in JavaScript bundles — Potential savings of 2 KiB
Ensure that no duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles exist to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
Source Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
webpack://mendel/./javascript/shared/ui/autocomplete.js
1828
Avoid serving legacy JavaScript to modern browsers — Potential savings of 11 KiB
Polyfills and transforms enable legacy browsers to use new JavaScript features. For bundled JavaScript it is recommended to adopt a modern script deployment strategy using module/nomodule feature detection. This will reduce the amount of code shipped to modern browsers.
URL Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
11343
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
108
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
78
https://ats.rlcdn.com/ats.js
60
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
53
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
50
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js
45
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image
It is recommended to preload images used by LCP elements, to improve LCP time.
URL Potential Savings (Ms)
https://cdn.britannica.com/93/193793-050-09340A1D/Portrait-Louis-XIV-oil-canvas-Hyacinthe-Rigaud.jpg?w=600&h=450&c=crop&q=80
0
Avoid chaining critical requests — 5 chains found
Below is a list of Critical Request Chains, which shows which resources are loaded with a high priority. Britannica.com should consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.
User Timing marks and measures — 6 user timings
Make use of the User Timing API to measure an app's real-world performance during key user experiences.
Name Type Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
lteu
Measure
1873.927
0.298
ltpq
Measure
1874.391
0.075
loadStarteventUtils
Mark
1873.964
loadEndeventUtils
Mark
1874.235
loadStartpixelQueue
Mark
1874.402
loadEndpixelQueue
Mark
1874.476
Keep request counts low and transfer sizes small — 482 requests • 3,684 KiB
It is advised to add a budgets.json file in order to set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources.
Resource Type Requests Transfer Size (Bytes)
Total
482
3772183
Script
54
1736443
Image
141
1504481
Other
241
241718
Font
1
129289
Document
38
112075
Stylesheet
7
48177
Media
0
0
Third-party
427
1839344
Minimize third-party usage — Third-party code blocked the main thread for 230 ms
It is advised to either limit, remove or delay the loading of redundant third-party code which may be significantly impacting load performance.
Third-Party Transfer Size (Bytes) Main-Thread Blocking Time (Ms)
SHOW DETAILS
415363
152.098
SHOW DETAILS
54664
59.671
SHOW DETAILS
183915
22.757
SHOW DETAILS
141093
0
SHOW DETAILS
130435
0
SHOW DETAILS
115786
0
SHOW DETAILS
62916
0
SHOW DETAILS
61862
0
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36918
0
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28791
0
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24828
0
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21843
0
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18683
0
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17229
0
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16361
0
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16266
0
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15094
0
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12908
0
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9156
0
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7114
0
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6985
0
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6243
0
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5850
0
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5518
0
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3907
0
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3650
0
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3273
0
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3267
0
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3222
0
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2920
0
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2879
0
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2641
0
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2613
0
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2581
0
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2192
0
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2055
0
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2001
0
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1959
0
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1645
0
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1603
0
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1439
0
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1387
0
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1345
0
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1263
0
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1256
0
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1056
0
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951
0
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934
0
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864
0
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864
0
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857
0
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828
0
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809
0
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738
0
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730
0
SHOW DETAILS
566
0
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516
0
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512
0
SHOW DETAILS
507
0
SHOW DETAILS
489
0
SHOW DETAILS
358
0
SHOW DETAILS
337
0
SHOW DETAILS
195
0
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Consider replacing third-party embeds with a facade until they are required (use lazy loading).
Largest Contentful Paint element — 1 element found
The element which was identified as the Largest Contentful Paint.
Element
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
Avoid large layout shifts
Below is a list of all DOM elements that contribute to the CLS of the page.
Uses passive listeners to improve scrolling performance
Improve the page's scroll performance by marking touch and wheel event listeners as 'passive'.
Avoids `document.write()`
Avoid or limit the use of external scripts that are dynamically injected via 'document.write()' as users on slow connections will be delayed by tens of seconds.
Avoid long main-thread tasks — 18 long tasks found
Below is a list of the longest tasks on the main thread, which is useful when identifying the worst input delay contributors.
URL Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
3511
148
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
3360
132
https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-TD96PKG
1668
123
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
3761
116
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
5780
103
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
5388
97
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
4058
96
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
3685
76
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
6754
76
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
5620
76
https://www.britannica.com/
731
69
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
2511
61
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
2076
61
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
2018
58
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
5503
56
https://cdn-magiclinks.trackonomics.net/client/static/v2/merriamwebster_6e5b0_encyclopediabritannica.js
2606
55
https://bc-script.britannica.com/script.js
6867
53
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5W6NC8
1616
52
Avoid non-composited animations
It is recommended to avoid non-composited animations which are often janky and increase CLS.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.
Avoids `unload` event listeners
The 'unload' event does not fire reliably, causing issues with browser optimizations such as the Back-Forward Cache. It is recommended that 'pagehide' or 'visibilitychange' events are used instead.

Budgets

Performance budget
It is advised to keep the quantity and size of all network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget.
Timing budget
It is advised to set a timing budget to monitor the performance of your site.

Audits

Network Requests
Below is a list of network requests that were made during page load.
URL Protocol Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes) Resource Size (Bytes) Status Code MIME Type Resource Type
http://britannica.com/
http/1.1
0
37.582999910228
263
0
301
text/html
https://britannica.com/
http/1.1
37.918999907561
107.2259999346
262
0
301
text/html
https://www.britannica.com/
h2
107.63199999928
277.30299998075
34808
151517
200
text/html
Document
https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons
h2
289.2180000199
295.80199997872
1146
575
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
h2
289.5070000086
312.07300000824
21023
197977
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
h2
289.72399991471
309.77699998766
22059
108189
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.css?v=3.71.46
h2
290.19199998584
297.73799993563
1527
3160
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-TD96PKG
h2
317.45600001886
370.56800001301
54664
236400
200
application/javascript
Script
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
h2
327.75099994615
352.55800001323
15654
62041
200
image/svg+xml
Image
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
h2
327.99199991859
354.64799997862
237959
237271
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image/png
Image
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
h2
328.25599994976
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198115
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image/png
Image
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
h2
328.85399996303
407.15699992143
162896
162211
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Image
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
h2
329.26099991892
350.94699996989
265136
264444
200
image/png
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.71.46
h2
311.36699998751
321.01299997885
30859
89493
200
application/javascript
Script
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-6636134-11
h2
329.80099995621
345.59399995487
43939
111410
200
application/javascript
Script
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v652eace1692a40cfa3763df669d7439c1639079717194
h2
330.36699995864
369.796999963
5518
13970
200
text/javascript
Script
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5W6NC8
h2
330.83200000692
362.27399995551
64786
249640
200
application/javascript
Script
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&cb=98
h2
331.09599992167
363.55100001674
16846
65758
200
application/javascript
Script
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v139/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNcIhQ8tQ.woff2
h2
342.47399994638
349.27899995819
129289
128360
200
font/woff2
Font
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/b-50-pb5.png
h2
361.7249999661
371.31999991834
3176
2530
200
image/webp
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/93/193793-050-09340A1D/Portrait-Louis-XIV-oil-canvas-Hyacinthe-Rigaud.jpg?w=600&h=450&c=crop&q=80
h2
417.67399990931
423.55099995621
41392
40794
200
image/webp
Image
https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js
http/1.1
433.47699998412
952.96599995345
489
0
200
application/javascript
Script
https://widget.surveymonkey.com/collect/website/js/tRaiETqnLgj758hTBazgd380NA9UYiEqUYd33SpVRiauJ4ZxrqSo5dnN8yApqOUo.js
h2
433.88799997047
914.26200000569
1256
0
410
text/html
Script
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
h2
457.30999996886
470.58700001799
115417
362162
200
application/javascript
Script
https://www.britannica.com/webstats/mendelstats.js?v=1
h2
460.45999997295
480.60799995437
2307
3253
200
application/javascript
XHR
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/images/footer/background.png
h2
489.62899995968
497.92100000195
6091
5462
200
image/webp
Image
data
496.67000002228
496.86099996325
0
680
200
image/svg+xml
Image
data
499.43399999756
499.5629999321
0
1232
200
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Image
data
501.6609999584
501.78599997889
0
860
200
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Image
data
504.26299998071
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0
3043
200
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Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/49/189749-050-EDADDEC0/Great-Temple-of-Ramses-II-temples-larger.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
h2
594.48600001633
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32302
31704
200
image/webp
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/66/192066-131-0049C8BD/Bhumibol-Adulyadej-crowd-anniversary-celebrations-accession-Bangkok-2016.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
h2
594.75699998438
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27190
26540
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image/webp
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/05/124605-131-977A8DEB/Cathedral-Plaza-de-Armas-Lima-Peru.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
595.36099992692
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19996
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200
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Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/95/168695-131-11055CC5/Geography-Something-globe-Europe-Eurasia-Africa.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
595.65299993847
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200
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Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/89/93889-131-E152B1EA/Quincy-Market-Faneuil-Hall-Boston.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
595.94499995001
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Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/05/5705-131-27D33D77/subshells-elements-Periodic-table-column-Z-atomic.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
596.70399990864
631.4269999275
26596
25944
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image/webp
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/60/233660-138-0F81BB58/Sam-Mihara-interview-Japanese-American-imprisonment.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
597.14700002223
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14011
13364
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image/webp
Image
https://cdn.britannica.com/61/233661-138-70CEB987/Sam-Mihara-interview-Japanese-American-imprisonment.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
h2
597.48799994122
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18740
18088
200
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h2
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h2
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h2
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h2
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h2
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h2
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h2
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XHR
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h2
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XHR
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Network Round Trip Times — 0 ms
High Network RTT (Round Trip Times) can have a large impact on performance. Providing servers geographically closer to the user could improve performance.
Server Backend Latencies — 0 ms
High server latencies indicate the server is overloaded or has a poor backend performance.
Tasks
Below is a list of the top-level main thread tasks that executed during page load.
Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms)
285.821
15.663
313.422
5.641
319.283
8.17
328.897
6.403
335.319
29.498
366.968
11.373
379.91
8.317
400.864
19.781
420.657
43.227
466.681
138.212
606.361
18.499
624.87
5.809
630.871
17.899
648.845
52.115
701.073
122.77
824.641
41.728
875.361
7.99
899.817
12.521
922.396
7.036
953.953
35.65
989.667
131.626
1121.315
37.04
1158.404
22.145
1180.653
20.894
1201.597
19.278
1225.527
19.044
1250.231
26.576
1280.204
25.929
1306.177
58.009
1364.22
5.988
1370.259
61.077
1431.404
295.672
1727.252
33.512
1763.475
17.039
1785.157
68.22
1854.33
9.705
1875.99
17.806
1893.894
152.9
2066.321
116.157
2182.597
11.23
2193.84
9.964
2208.255
10.909
2239.253
35.843
2275.18
16.624
2329.536
7.897
2340.106
11.634
2355.653
8.153
2364.244
10.006
2400.758
6.29
2407.282
6.355
2415.796
17.048
2435.734
60.789
2499.325
40.218
2539.57
8.625
2555.076
9.557
2589.86
94.768
2689.204
8.185
2707.011
152.013
2865.678
7.813
2878.52
7.66
2887.953
6.812
2909.094
47.641
2963.261
13.196
2977.885
112.242
3095.01
9.554
3114.244
46.79
3165.604
18.478
3188.78
8.526
3207.306
6.725
3245.933
18.347
3265.434
29.433
3308.018
5.339
3314.503
9.735
3324.492
40.071
3366.588
96.991
3466.943
8.882
3476.856
7.234
3484.153
7.319
3491.494
7.435
3499.386
6.878
3507.325
6.737
3515.196
6.971
3522.187
36.628
3559.608
9.79
3572.721
7.99
3581.631
10.455
3593.458
9.384
3604.257
152.076
3756.428
5.451
3761.9
9.979
3784.401
7.374
3824.316
24.315
3852.818
5.493
3875.561
16.478
3914.542
11.174
3925.732
6.994
3935.198
7.758
3942.974
7.74
3954.76
6.614
3972.312
9.285
3996.133
206.554
4212.974
7.612
4225.417
5.131
4231.429
6.455
4242.095
24.812
4272.802
7.049
4284.561
7.514
4302.134
6.459
4319.554
55.164
4383.571
15.052
4464.933
6.407
4729.177
8.325
5594.478
10.802
6010.733
5.806
7433.467
5.675
7561.774
6.484
7635.786
9.074
7836.619
95.982
7932.659
36.992
8156.987
52.808
8598.602
21.569
9300.669
6.837
9336.594
6.957
12824.215
6.878
12958.129
5.193
14606.801
5.384
14638.463
9.211
15314.143
41.784
15364.785
15.67
15381.23
10.232
15392.674
11.458
15408.069
9.683
15417.773
9.479
15429.884
7.534
15437.433
9.913
15448.344
9.471
15459.087
10.315
15496.452
13.233
15528.632
13.322
15553.474
11.441
15574.047
9.575
15607.994
23.688
15636.937
20.69
15663.796
11.437
15679.046
13.121
15692.234
11.665
15706.291
11.601
15718.875
11.71
15731.879
14.938
15751.748
6.875
15760.201
16.464
15778.988
16.981
15796.29
12.477
15812.811
17.08
15829.909
14.035
15844.015
23.962
15869.102
11.681
15884.467
24.042
15909.511
24.319
15935.58
13.765
15953.43
14.519
15971.612
31.695
16009.706
11.412
16024.949
11.552
16040.354
11.907
16556.492
7.248
16564.617
6.39
17344.991
21.562
Diagnostics
Below is a collection of useful page vitals.
View Data
Metrics
Below is a collection of metrics.
View Data
Script Treemap Data
Provide as required, for treemap app.

Metrics

First Contentful Paint — 1.2 s
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered.
Largest Contentful Paint — 1.5 s
The timing of the largest text or image that is painted.

Audits

Max Potential First Input Delay — 150 ms
Users could experience a delay when interacting with the page.
First Meaningful Paint — 1.2 s
The time taken for the primary content of the page to be rendered.

Other

Eliminate render-blocking resources — Potential savings of 570 ms
Resources, such as JavaScript and style sheets, can block the first paint of the page. Britannica.com should consider delivering critical JavaScript/style sheets (JS/CSS) inline and deferring all non-critical JS/CSS.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Ms)
https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons
1146
230
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
21023
270
Minify CSS — Potential savings of 5 KiB
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files can contribute to network payload sizes. Britannica.com should consider minifying CSS files.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
21023
5350
Reduce unused JavaScript — Potential savings of 478 KiB
It is advised to remove unused JavaScript in order to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
127037
79220
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
145281
70457
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
87302
68733
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
133934
54941
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
144751
47564
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
115417
46513
https://confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/gptprebidnative/202205091138/wrap.js
63663
41994
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
75190
30108
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/plugin/17fb1be9eabb5e49eb9d77373b99c549
48808
27760
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
43648
22078
Avoid multiple page redirects — Potential savings of 340 ms
Redirects can cause additional delays before the page can begin loading. Britannica.com should avoid multiple or unnecessary page redirects.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
http://britannica.com/
190
https://britannica.com/
150
https://www.britannica.com/
0
Avoid enormous network payloads — Total size was 3,684 KiB
Large network payloads can cost users money and are linked to long load times.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
265136
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237959
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
198115
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
183053
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162896
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
145281
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
144751
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
133934
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v139/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNcIhQ8tQ.woff2
129289
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
127037
Avoid an excessive DOM size — 1,095 elements
A large DOM (Document Object Model) will increase memory usage, cause longer system calculations as well as costly layout reflows.
Statistic Element Value
Total DOM Elements
1095
Maximum DOM Depth
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
16
Maximum Child Elements
body.homepage
42
Reduce JavaScript execution time — 2.8 s
JavaScript (JS) execution time can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
URL Total CPU Time (Ms) Script Evaluation (Ms) Script Parse (Ms)
https://www.britannica.com/
541.647
124.068
17.391
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
521.803
441.395
8.143
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022090801.js
505.292
444.563
7.574
Unattributable
491.14899999999
15.93
0.301
https://bc-script.britannica.com/script.js
403.592
365.499
2.231
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
390.522
252.486
22.356
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/225/runner.html
380.279
361.07
4.562
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
310.573
271.205
9.174
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
192.451
133.184
4.324
https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-TD96PKG
136.249
124.041
4.092
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
131.665
60.261
2.873
https://cdn-magiclinks.trackonomics.net/client/static/v2/merriamwebster_6e5b0_encyclopediabritannica.js
58.035
55.944
1.25
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&cb=98
55.44
42.459
1.098
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=GTM-5W6NC8
53.008
46.874
4.219

Metrics

Time to Interactive — 6.1 s
The time taken for the page to become fully interactive.
Speed Index — 2.4 s
The time taken for the page contents to be visibly populated.
Total Blocking Time — 510 ms
The total blocking time is the sum of all time periods between First Contentful Paint and Time to Interactive (when task length exceeded 50ms).

Other

Properly size images — Potential savings of 1,103 KiB
Images can slow down the page's load time. Britannica.com should consider serving more appropriate-sized images.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
264444
252997
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237271
227000
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
197430
188884
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162211
155189
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
134538
https://cdn.britannica.com/89/93889-131-E152B1EA/Quincy-Market-Faneuil-Hall-Boston.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
29196
17060
https://cdn.britannica.com/49/189749-050-EDADDEC0/Great-Temple-of-Ramses-II-temples-larger.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
31704
17050
https://cdn.britannica.com/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
26974
15597
https://cdn.britannica.com/05/5705-131-27D33D77/subshells-elements-Periodic-table-column-Z-atomic.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
25944
15160
https://cdn.britannica.com/66/192066-131-0049C8BD/Bhumibol-Adulyadej-crowd-anniversary-celebrations-accession-Bangkok-2016.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
26540
14273
https://cdn.britannica.com/05/124605-131-977A8DEB/Cathedral-Plaza-de-Armas-Lima-Peru.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
19344
11303
https://cdn.britannica.com/95/168695-131-11055CC5/Geography-Something-globe-Europe-Eurasia-Africa.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
18726
10942
https://cdn.britannica.com/61/233661-138-70CEB987/Sam-Mihara-interview-Japanese-American-imprisonment.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
18088
10569
https://cdn.britannica.com/07/192107-050-CE043374/anatomy-charts-human-body-muscle-systems-skeletal.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
17884
10341
https://cdn.britannica.com/39/232539-138-2D8ECEBE/did-you-know-Bernie-Madoff-Ponzi-scheme.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
17458
10201
https://cdn.britannica.com/93/193793-050-09340A1D/Portrait-Louis-XIV-oil-canvas-Hyacinthe-Rigaud.jpg?w=600&h=450&c=crop&q=80
40794
8582
https://cdn.britannica.com/71/232571-138-C8B86C8A/who-was-Jose-Rizal.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
13706
8009
https://cdn.britannica.com/60/233660-138-0F81BB58/Sam-Mihara-interview-Japanese-American-imprisonment.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
13364
7809
https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
12358
7146
https://cdn.britannica.com/17/2317-050-758D0E55/World-map-descriptions-Herodotus-Black-Sea.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
12026
6954
Defer offscreen images — Potential savings of 183 KiB
Time to Interactive can be slowed down by resources on the page. Britannica.com should consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
182366
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/images/footer/background.png
5462
5462
Serve images in next-gen formats — Potential savings of 863 KiB
Consider JPEG 2000, JPEG XR or WebP image formats which provide better compression than PNG and JPEG.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
264444
232268.3
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237271
200070.9
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
197430
174244.3
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
149853.65
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162211
126866.25
Serve static assets with an efficient cache policy — 44 resources found
Britannica.com can speed up repeat visits by increasing the cache lifetime, which is essentially how long before a cached copy expires.
URL Cache TTL (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
0
265136
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
0
237959
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
0
198115
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
0
162896
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
0
115417
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.71.46
0
30859
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
0
22059
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
0
21023
https://cdn-magiclinks.trackonomics.net/client/static/v2/merriamwebster_6e5b0_encyclopediabritannica.js
0
20992
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
0
15654
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js
0
4426
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js
0
3065
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.css?v=3.71.46
0
1527
https://pixel.tapad.com/idsync/ex/receive?partner_id=1830&partner_device_id=e667a6d7-d965-4179-bf2f-b07193d626f1&ttd_puid=84358435-935b-4727-9058-e6fecb5eb787
0
842
https://pixel.tapad.com/idsync/ex/receive?partner_id=2040&partner_device_id=ea3e6321-d9a6-4900-9f5e-11f0083eef73&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=
0
842
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.77f321c9.css
0
823
https://px.ads.linkedin.com/setuid?partner=rubiconDb&dbredirect=true&ruxId=L81O6KX5-T-AOH7&us_privacy=1---
0
793
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.79765dc7.css
0
756
https://p.adsymptotic.com/d/px/?_pid=16218&_psign=0aa5badf92527f7732e22463d6fa4dbc&coopa=0&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&_puuid=c3dd4bb1-34a2-437d-b3c7-c27b4895324e&_noobservation=1&_expected_cookie=956168f6ca27285c5de88eb3c9c4a224
0
399
https://match.deepintent.com/usersync/142?redir=https%3A%2F%2Fusersync.gumgum.com%2Fusersync%3Fb%3Ddit%26i%3D%24%7BDI_USER_ID%7D
0
337
https://collector.brandmetrics.com/c.js?siteid=f9816ecc-b51b-4747-bc3e-1ea86a0677a2&toploc=www.britannica.com&rnd=5882505
0
115
https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js
300000
489
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
1200000
87302
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js
1200000
28006
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
3600000
144751
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
3600000
43648
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&cb=98
3600000
16846
https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/scripts/bundle/65568.js?sid=f9816ecc-b51b-4747-bc3e-1ea86a0677a2&toploc=www.britannica.com
3600000
14328
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
3600000
14220
https://pghub.io/js/pandg-sdk.js
3600000
4762
https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/tag/aa466d868b2742ffa2cc31bb6341dc12/cafemedia.js
3600000
2786
https://www.google-analytics.com/plugins/ua/linkid.js
3600000
2367
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.css
3600000
843
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
7200000
20630
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11477000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11477000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11477000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11477000
9875
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
86400000
145281
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v652eace1692a40cfa3763df669d7439c1639079717194
86400000
5518
https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js
86400000
2372
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2125
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2125
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2125
Minimize main-thread work — 5.3 s
Main-thread work timing can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
Category Time Spent (Ms)
Script Evaluation
3347.54
Other
947.71799999999
Style & Layout
352.318
Garbage Collection
208.27
Script Parsing & Compilation
199.688
Parse HTML & CSS
126.392
Rendering
124.85
Ensure text remains visible during webfont load
Make use of the font-display CSS feature, which will ensure text is user-visible while webfonts are loading.
URL Potential Savings (Ms)
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v139/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNcIhQ8tQ.woff2
6.8050000118092
Largest Contentful Paint image was lazily loaded
Above-the-fold images that are lazily loaded render later in the page lifecycle, which can delay the largest contentful paint.
Element
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`
Reduce layout shifts and improve CLS by setting explicit width and height properties on image elements.
URL
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
https://cdn.britannica.com/93/193793-050-09340A1D/Portrait-Louis-XIV-oil-canvas-Hyacinthe-Rigaud.jpg?w=600&h=450&c=crop&q=80
https://cdn.britannica.com/49/189749-050-EDADDEC0/Great-Temple-of-Ramses-II-temples-larger.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
https://cdn.britannica.com/66/192066-131-0049C8BD/Bhumibol-Adulyadej-crowd-anniversary-celebrations-accession-Bangkok-2016.jpg?w=375&h=281&c=crop&q=80
https://cdn.britannica.com/14/7314-131-B4FEE533/Charles-I-Great-Britain-and-Ireland.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://cdn.britannica.com/77/216077-050-0DD3973F/King-Charles-II-England-by-Philippe-de-Champaigne.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://cdn.britannica.com/04/167104-050-A0D0F726.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://cdn.britannica.com/17/2317-050-758D0E55/World-map-descriptions-Herodotus-Black-Sea.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://cdn.britannica.com/07/192107-050-CE043374/anatomy-charts-human-body-muscle-systems-skeletal.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://cdn.britannica.com/11/195611-131-4DFC1336/Belgian-pride-parade-People-streets-flags-Brussels-2017.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-70/images/shared/OneGoodFact.svg?v=3.70.17
88

Accessibility

Indicates how accessible the page is and highlights opportunities where the page can be made more accessible to users of britannica.com. This includes details about various page attributes that can be optimized.

Navigation

`[accesskey]` values are unique
Access keys assist users with focusing on different parts of the page. Each access key should be unique for proper navigation.
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
It is advised to provide ways to bypass repetitive content, allowing users to navigate the page efficiently.
`[id]` attributes on active, focusable elements are unique
Ensure all focusable elements have a unique id value to allow them to be visible to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Although technically valid, a tabindex value greater than 0 often creates frustrating experiences for users who rely on assistive technologies.

ARIA

`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
Avoid mismatching 'aria-*' attributes and their 'role' value, as it invalidates the attribute.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
If aria-hidden=true is set on the document body, assistive technologies, like a screen reader will work inconsistently.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Interactive elements within an aria-hidden=true element are unavailable to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
ARIA input fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when an input field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Some ARIA roles have required 'aria-*' attributes, which provide essential information about state and functionality.
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
Some ARIA parent roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific child roles are not used.
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Some ARIA child roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific parent roles are not used.
`[role]` values are valid
All ARIA roles require valid values to perform their intended functions.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when a toggle field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid values when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid names when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
ARIA IDs are unique
Ensure all ARIA ID values are unique to prevent elements from being overlooked by assistive technologies, like a screen reader.

Names and labels

Buttons have an accessible name
Buttons become unusable as they are announced simply as "button" when the button does not have an accessible name, when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
No form fields have multiple labels
Having multiple labels for form fields can be confusing to assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
Screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Input buttons with alternative text assist screen readers and other assistive technology users to understand its purpose.
Form elements have associated labels
Screen readers and other assistive technologies rely on labels to properly announce form controls.
`<object>` elements have alternate text
It is advised that alt text is used on '<object>' elements in order to provide meaning to screen reader and other assistive technology users, as these technologies are unable to translate non-text content.

Tables and lists

`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies may produce poor and inaccurate output when definition lists are not properly marked up.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
In order for screen readers and other assistive technologies to properly announce definition list items ('<dt>' and '<dd>'), they must be wrapped in parent a '<dl>' element.
Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
Use proper list structure to aid screen readers and other assistive technologies.
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>` or `<ol>` parent elements
In order for screen readers to announce list items, ensure that list items ('<li>') are contained within parent '<ul>' or '<ol>' tags.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that '<td>' cells using the headers attribute only refer to other cells in the same table, to improve screen reader user experience.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that table headers refer to some set of cells, to improve screen reader user experience.

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
It is advised to provide a lang attribute so that screen readers and other assistive technologies are guaranteed to announce the page's text correctly. When not provided, the user's default language setting will be used which may cause inaccuracies.
`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Specify a valid BCP 47 language in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
Specify a valid BCP 47 language on elements in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.

Best practices

The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
Pages that refresh automatically cause a poor user experience as focus is directed back to the top of the page unexpectedly.
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
For users with low vision who rely on screen magnification, ensure that zooming is not disabled.

Audio and video

`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Britannica.com may provide assistance to deaf or hearing-impaired users with captions on videos.

Contrast

Background and foreground colors do not have a sufficient contrast ratio.
Many (if not most) users find low-contrast text difficult or impossible to read.
Failing Elements
Subscribe

Navigation

Heading elements are not in a sequentially-descending order
Properly order all headers and do not skip heading levels to better the navigation and readability for users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
Failing Elements
Bloomscape Delivers High-Quality Plants to Your Door

Names and labels

Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
div.grid > div.col-100 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-logo > img.col-65
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-40 > a > img.col-70
Links do not have a discernible name
In order to improve the navigation for screen reader and other assistive technology users, use link text that is unique, focusable and discernible.

Manual Checks

The page has a logical tab order
The visual layout should be logical in its tab order and users cannot focus elements that are offscreen.
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Ensure that custom interactive controls are keyboard focusable and that a focus indicator is displayed.
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
Ensure that interactive elements (such as links and buttons) are distinguishable from non-interactive elements and that they indicate their state.
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
When new content (such as a dialogue) is added to the page, the user's focus should be directed to it.
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
Avoid focus being accidentally trapped when a user tabs in and out of controls or regions on page.
Custom controls have associated labels
Ensure that custom interactive controls have associated labels, which are provided by aria-label and aria-labelledby attributes.
Custom controls have ARIA roles
Ensure that all custom interactive controls have appropriate ARIA roles.
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
Ensure that the DOM order matches with the page's visual order, in order to improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Ensure that offscreen content is hidden through the use of "display:none" styling or the aria-hidden attribute.
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Elements such as <main> and <nav> are recommended as they are used by screen readers and other assistive technologies to improve keyboard navigation.
83

Best Practices

Indicates the recommended, best practices currently in place on the page and highlights the best practices that britannica.com should incorporate. This includes practices such as protecting pages with HTTPS.

Audits

Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
When requesting a user's location, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
When requesting permission to send notifications, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids front-end JavaScript libraries with known security vulnerabilities
Ensure that the use of third-party scripts is minimal and that only trusted third-party scripts are used as some may contain known security vulnerabilities which may be exploited by attackers.
Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
Significantly reduce the risk of cross-site scripting attacks (XSS) by ensuring you have a strong Content Security Policy (CSP).
Description Directive Severity
No CSP found in enforcement mode
High

Audits

Allows users to paste into password fields
Ensure that password inputs may be pasted into to aid in the user's ability to use password managers and improve security.
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Ensure that image display dimensions match their natural aspect ratio.
Serves images with appropriate resolution
For maximum image clarity, ensure images have natural dimensions and are proportional to the display size and pixel ratio.
Fonts with `font-display: optional` are preloaded
It is recommended that optional fonts are preloaded.

Audits

Page has the HTML doctype
Ensure a doctype is specified to prevent the browser from switching to quirks-mode.
Properly defines charset
It is advised to declare a character encoding, optionally via a <meta> tag in the first 1024 bytes of the HTML or in the Content-Type HTTP response header.

Audits

Detected JavaScript libraries
Below is a list of all front-end JavaScript libraries that were detected on the page.
Name Version
jQuery
3.5.0
Mustache
2.2.1
core-js
core-js-global@3.22.2; core-js-global@3.22.2; core-js-pure@3.0.0; core-js-global@3.19.2
Avoids deprecated APIs
Avoid deprecated APIs which will eventually be removed the browser.
No issues in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
There may be unresolved issues logged to Chrome Devtools.

Audits

Does not use HTTPS — 1 insecure request found
Ensure that all pages are protected with HTTPS (including those that do not handle sensitive data) as HTTPS prevents tampering and passive listening on communications between the app and its users. Additionally, HTTPS is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs.
Insecure URL Request Resolution
http://britannica.com/
Allowed

Audits

Browser errors were logged to the console
Below is a list of all errors logged to the console, which indicate unresolved problems on the site.
Source Description
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_TIMED_OUT
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_TIMED_OUT
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_TIMED_OUT
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: net::ERR_TIMED_OUT
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 400 (Bad Request)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 410 (Gone)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
Missing source maps for large first-party JavaScript
Consider deploying source maps for added benefits such as the ability to debug while in production.
URL Map URL
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js.map
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/bg/UtAH21516j-lv8NeH95YZMYQEqYTHJGx7ojgWd5suBE.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js.map
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js.map
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js.map
83

SEO

Indicates how well the page is optimized for ranking in search engines and highlights Search Engine Optimization (SEO) opportunities for britannica.com. This includes optimizations such as providing meta data.

Mobile Friendly

Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.
Document uses legible font sizes
Font sizes of 12px or less are too small to most mobile users without user gestures and further action. Aim for more than 60% of page text to use font sizes greater than 12px.
Tap targets are sized appropriately
Interactive elements (such as buttons and links) should be appropriately spaced, sized and easy enough to select or tap with regard to their surrounding elements.

Content Best Practices

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
Document has a meta description
Meta descriptions may be used by search engines when displaying a link to the page and should concisely summarize the page's content.
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Search engines can be instructed to list specific versions of a page for a given language or region through the use of hreflang links.
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`
Search engines can be suggested which URL should be shown in search results through the use of canonical links.
Document avoids plugins
The content of plugins cannot be indexed by search engines and many devices either restrict or do not support them.

Crawling and Indexing

Page has successful HTTP status code
Avoid pages with unsuccessful HTTP status codes as they may not be indexed by search engines.
Links are crawlable
Ensure that the 'href' attribute of anchor elements links to the appropriate destination. This allows for more pages of the site to be discovered by search engines.
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Pages that cannot be crawled by search engines cannot be indexed or included in their search results. Ensure that search engines have permission to crawl all pages that should be indexed.
robots.txt is valid
Malformed robots.txt files prevent crawlers from understanding how a site wants to be crawled or indexed, which can be devastating to SEO.

Content Best Practices

Links do not have descriptive text — 1 link found
Make use of descriptive link text to assist search engines in understanding the content.
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
div.grid > div.col-100 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-logo > img.col-65
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-40 > a > img.col-70

Manual Checks

Structured data is valid
Structured data can be validated through the use of the Structured Data Testing Tool and the Structured Data Linter.
22

PWA

Indicates how valid the aspects of a Progressive Web App (PWA) are for the page and highlights opportunities to enable/improve the PWA of britannica.com. This includes details about web app manifests.

PWA Optimized

Content is sized correctly for the viewport
Ensure that the width of the app's content matches the width of the viewport, otherwise the app might not be optimized for mobile screens.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.

Installable

Web app manifest or service worker do not meet the installability requirements — 1 reason
User engagement may be increased by leveraging the browsers ability to proactively prompt users to add the app to their homescreen.
Failure reason
No manifest was fetched

PWA Optimized

Does not register a service worker that controls page and `start_url`
A service worker is used to provide Progressive Web Apps the use of features such as working offline, the ability for the app to be added to the homescreen as well as push notifications.
Is not configured for a custom splash screen
Themed splash screens ensure a high-quality user experience at launch for app users.
View Data
Does not set a theme color for the address bar.
A theme may be applied to the browser address bar, which ideally can be made to match the site.
View Data
Does not provide a valid `apple-touch-icon`
iOS users of Progressive Web Apps will benefit from an apple touch icon, which can be defined with 'apple-touch-icon', which must point to a non-transparent 192px (or 180px) square PNG.
Manifest doesn't have a maskable icon
Maskable icons are great to ensure that images fill the entire shape when installing the app on a device.

Manual Checks

Site works cross-browser
Ensure that the Progressive Web App works correctly across every major browser.
Page transitions don't feel like they block on the network
Users perceive apps with responsive, snappy transitions as higher peforming and ensures a great user experience, even on a slow network.
Each page has a URL
Ensure that all pages are deep linkable via URL. They should also be unique for the purpose of shareability on social media.
Avg. (All Categories) 58
Performance 18
Accessibility 83
Best Practices 75
SEO 85
PWA 30
0–49 (Fail) 50–89 (Average) 90–100 (Pass)
URL: https://www.britannica.com/
Updated: 14th September, 2022

1.73 seconds
First Contentful Paint (FCP)
77%
12%
11%

0.09 seconds
First Input Delay (FID)
77%
17%
6%

Simulate loading on mobile
18

Performance

Indicates how well the page is performing and highlights opportunities where performance may be improved for britannica.com. This includes details about optimizing page load times which can result in a better user experience.

Metrics

Cumulative Layout Shift — 0
Cumulative Layout Shift is the measurement of visible elements collective movement within the viewport.
View Data

Other

Minify JavaScript
JavaScript (JS) files can contribute to network payload sizes and increase script parse times. Britannica.com should consider minifying JS files.
Efficiently encode images
Unoptimized images can consume more cellular data than what is necessary.
Enable text compression — Potential savings of 2 KiB
Text-based resources should be served with compression, such as gzip, deflate or brotli.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=gg_n-mediagrid_n-index_n-sharethrough_n-onetag_pm-db5_ym_rbd_ox-db5_an-db5_3lift&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1&dmt=3
2851
2053
Preconnect to required origins
Resource hints, such as 'preconnect' or 'dns-prefetch', may assist in establishing early connections to important third-party origins.
Initial server response time was short — Root document took 170 ms
It is advised to keep the server response time short for the main document, because all other requests depend on it.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
https://www.britannica.com/
166.848
Preload key requests
Key requests can be preloaded by using '<link rel=preload>'. Britannica.com should consider using '<link rel=preload>' to prioritize fetching resources that are currently requested later in page load.
Use video formats for animated content
Large GIFs are inefficient for delivering animated content. It is recommended to use MPEG4/WebM videos for animations and PNG/WebP for static images instead of GIF.
Remove duplicate modules in JavaScript bundles — Potential savings of 10 KiB
Ensure that no duplicate JavaScript modules from bundles exist to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
Source Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
Other
4724
webpack://mendel/./javascript/shared/ui/autocomplete.js
1828
src/service-helpers.js
1525
src/core/dom/style.js
1116
src/url.js
1106
Avoid serving legacy JavaScript to modern browsers — Potential savings of 11 KiB
Polyfills and transforms enable legacy browsers to use new JavaScript features. For bundled JavaScript it is recommended to adopt a modern script deployment strategy using module/nomodule feature detection. This will reduce the amount of code shipped to modern browsers.
URL Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
11340
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
108
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
78
https://ats.rlcdn.com/ats.js
60
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
50
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
47
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js
45
Preload Largest Contentful Paint image
It is recommended to preload images used by LCP elements, to improve LCP time.
URL Potential Savings (Ms)
https://cdn.britannica.com/93/193793-050-09340A1D/Portrait-Louis-XIV-oil-canvas-Hyacinthe-Rigaud.jpg?w=600&h=450&c=crop&q=80
0
Avoid chaining critical requests — 5 chains found
Below is a list of Critical Request Chains, which shows which resources are loaded with a high priority. Britannica.com should consider reducing the length of chains, reducing the download size of resources, or deferring the download of unnecessary resources to improve page load.
User Timing marks and measures — 14 user timings
Make use of the User Timing API to measure an app's real-world performance during key user experiences.
Name Type Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
lteu
Measure
1986.724
0.193
ltpq
Measure
1987.021
0.044
loadStarteventUtils
Mark
1986.748
loadEndeventUtils
Mark
1986.926
loadStartpixelQueue
Mark
1987.026
loadEndpixelQueue
Mark
1987.069
is
Mark
5004.079
dr
Mark
5005.63
ol
Mark
5005.705
visible
Mark
5017.102
ofv
Mark
5017.149
mbv
Mark
5029.748
e_is
Mark
5029.945
pc
Mark
5242.629
Keep request counts low and transfer sizes small — 559 requests • 3,899 KiB
It is advised to add a budgets.json file in order to set budgets for the quantity and size of page resources.
Resource Type Requests Transfer Size (Bytes)
Total
559
3992756
Script
70
1999154
Image
146
1341341
Other
290
333762
Document
45
141112
Font
1
129289
Stylesheet
7
48098
Media
0
0
Third-party
519
2311811
Lazy load third-party resources with facades
Consider replacing third-party embeds with a facade until they are required (use lazy loading).
Largest Contentful Paint element — 1 element found
The element which was identified as the Largest Contentful Paint.
Element
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
Avoid large layout shifts
Below is a list of all DOM elements that contribute to the CLS of the page.
Uses passive listeners to improve scrolling performance
Improve the page's scroll performance by marking touch and wheel event listeners as 'passive'.
Avoid long main-thread tasks — 20 long tasks found
Below is a list of the longest tasks on the main thread, which is useful when identifying the worst input delay contributors.
URL Start Time (Ms) Duration (Ms)
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
20379
639
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/bg/FHpShV1mxK7-vEDgabWRx1F_1C_sXVOjrUI6-UzV2sE.js
36629
630
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
16620
600
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
21424
429
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
21061
363
https://91c085fce1e23ea87015814ca0f1c777.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
30907
339
https://91c085fce1e23ea87015814ca0f1c777.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
30531
336
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
11633
318
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.71.46
7243
306
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
37333
302
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
3098
269
https://www.britannica.com/
2700
264
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
33702
262
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
36343
246
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
31322
241
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
30147
214
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
11299
211
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
16086
209
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
14447
202
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
3367
201
Avoid non-composited animations
It is recommended to avoid non-composited animations which are often janky and increase CLS.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.
Avoids `unload` event listeners
The 'unload' event does not fire reliably, causing issues with browser optimizations such as the Back-Forward Cache. It is recommended that 'pagehide' or 'visibilitychange' events are used instead.

Budgets

Performance budget
It is advised to keep the quantity and size of all network requests under the targets set by the provided performance budget.
Timing budget
It is advised to set a timing budget to monitor the performance of your site.

Audits

Network Requests
Below is a list of network requests that were made during page load.
URL Protocol Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes) Resource Size (Bytes) Status Code MIME Type Resource Type
http://britannica.com/
http/1.1
0
47.252000018489
263
0
301
text/html
https://britannica.com/
http/1.1
47.563000000082
116.76500004251
262
0
301
text/html
https://www.britannica.com/
h2
117.07200005185
282.92700002203
34642
151174
200
text/html
Document
https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons
h2
295.82800000207
331.75300003495
1146
575
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
h2
300.09400000563
330.83300001454
20952
197977
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
h2
300.23500003153
354.38800003612
21981
108189
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.css?v=3.71.46
h2
300.31600000802
386.38900005026
1527
3160
200
text/css
Stylesheet
https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-TD96PKG
h2
390.70000004722
422.45400004322
52476
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https://ib.adnxs.com/ut/v3/prebid
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XHR
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https://colossusssp.com/?c=o&m=multi
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https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/bg/FHpShV1mxK7-vEDgabWRx1F_1C_sXVOjrUI6-UzV2sE.js
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6645.7060000394
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text/javascript
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6680.8680000249
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https://dpm.demdex.net/ibs:dpid=903&dpuuid=f9cf044c-c2c6-41d6-b9c5-4a599d1d2eef
http/1.1
6709.60500004
6754.4550000457
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Image
https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=index&google_cm&google_hm=YyHZ3cRIYmzHIo8ZeiX20AAAChgAAAAB&gdpr_consent=&us_privacy=&gdpr=
http/1.1
6710.9750000527
6734.9960000138
840
0
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text/html
https://dsum-sec.casalemedia.com/rrum?ixi=1&cm_dsp_id=85&cb=https%3A%2F%2Fcm.g.doubleclick.net%2Fpixel%3Fgoogle_nid%3Dcasale_media2_dbm%26google_cm%26google_sc%26google_hm%3D
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http/1.1
6733.6150000338
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image/gif
Image
https://match.adsrvr.org/track/cmf/casale
http/1.1
6734.1370000504
6761.5750000114
1001
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text/html
https://px.owneriq.net/eucm/p/cc?redir=https%3A%2F%2Fdsum-sec.casalemedia.com%2Fcrum%3Fcm_dsp_id%3D31%26external_user_id%3D(OIQ_UUID)
http/1.1
6734.2440000502
7426.3930000016
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text/html
https://dpm.demdex.net/ibs:dpid=23728&dpuuid=YyHZ3cRIYmzHIo8ZeiX20AAA%262584?gdpr_consent=&us_privacy=&gdpr=
http/1.1
6734.4580000499
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image/gif
Image
https://ad.turn.com/r/cs?pid=21
http/1.1
6734.5510000014
6834.6690000035
549
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text/plain
https://sync.taboola.com/sg/indexscod/1/cm/?us_privacy=&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=&id=YyHZ3cRIYmzHIo8ZeiX20AAA%262584
http/1.1
6734.6580000012
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6734.7890000092
6753.870000015
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https://image8.pubmatic.com/AdServer/ImgSync?sec=1&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=
http/1.1
6732.599000039
6761.3280000514
1222
0
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text/html
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partner=rubicon&uid=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
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6732.9330000211
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6735.2200000314
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image/gif
Image
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
http/1.1
6738.3110000519
6738.422000024
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32280
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text/html
Script
https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=pippio_dmp&google_cm&google_no_sc&m=CMwpElsKVwgBEJInGlAxOTJhOWFiNjNkMTc1NDMyNjk0M2VmMDI5OGNhODVkODk0MDhlNzcwZmUzYWJmMzhlNmE4YjdlNWE1YjFlOTg2NzkxNDI2YjU0MTdkY2UyMRAAGgwI4LOHmQYSBAgCEABCAEoA
http/1.1
6739.0170000144
6760.9900000389
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text/html
https://pixel.tapad.com/idsync/ex/push?partner_id=2499&partner_device_id=34d9ca38-dbb0-4655-a778-0587c92da346-6321d9e0-5553&partner_url=https%3A%2F%2Fusr.undertone.com%2FuserPixel%2Fsync%3FpartnerId%3D55%26uid%3D%24UID%2F34d9ca38-dbb0-4655-a778-0587c92da346-6321d9e0-5553
http/1.1
6756.4430000493
6769.2970000207
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text/plain
https://pippio.com/api/sync/ddp?pid=2&m=CMwpElsKVwgBEJInGlAxOTJhOWFiNjNkMTc1NDMyNjk0M2VmMDI5OGNhODVkODk0MDhlNzcwZmUzYWJmMzhlNmE4YjdlNWE1YjFlOTg2NzkxNDI2YjU0MTdkY2UyMRAAGgwI4LOHmQYSBAgCEABCAEoA&google_gid=CAESEFwvF0Id60fwdIExxj_uFxQ&google_cver=1
http/1.1
6761.2530000042
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text/plain
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http/1.1
6761.5140000125
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text/html
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6761.799000029
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https://dsum-sec.casalemedia.com/rum?cm_dsp_id=26&external_user_id=0f1c8abc-4b72-40a6-9e25-74f5128c8a9b-tucta1b5f60
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http/1.1
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https://usermatch.krxd.net/um/v2?partner=liveramp_identity
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6808.8810000336
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text/plain
Image
https://cm.g.doubleclick.net/pixel?google_nid=casale_media2_dbm&google_cm&google_sc&google_hm=YyHZ3cRIYmzHIo8ZeiX20AAA
http/1.1
6834.1780000483
6858.1560000312
835
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text/html
https://dsum-sec.casalemedia.com/rum?cm_dsp_id=4&external_user_id=2394994396843645046
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6834.8720000358
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image/gif
Image
https://ib.adnxs.com/async_usersync?cbfn=queuePixels
http/1.1
6858.0810000421
6955.1960000535
588
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text/html
Script
https://dsum-sec.casalemedia.com/crum?cm_dsp_id=45&external_user_id=CAESENWMCJY9epiA9Q0IClyREE4&google_cver=1
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6858.4610000253
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image/gif
Image
https://image8.pubmatic.com/AdServer/ImgSync?sec=1&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=
http/1.1
6880.7220000308
6908.6510000052
907
0
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text/html
https://pixel.rubiconproject.com/exchange/sync.php?p=12776&khaos=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
http/1.1
6895.50100005
7031.6600000369
912
0
302
text/html
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/generate_204?ywI7fg
h2
6907.7630000538
6910.6660000398
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Image
https://image4.pubmatic.com/AdServer/SPug?p=160318&pmc=1&pr=https%3A%2F%2Fusr.undertone.com%2FuserPixel%2Fsync%3FpartnerId%3D53%26uid%3DD2A1A8DF-4C45-42DD-9DA5-EBE51801EF1C
http/1.1
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https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=53&uid=D2A1A8DF-4C45-42DD-9DA5-EBE51801EF1C
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6935.3900000569
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https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partner=rubicon&uid=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
h2
7033.1980000483
7051.6390000121
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https://px.owneriq.net/ecc?redir=https%3a%2f%2fdsum-sec.casalemedia.com%2fcrum%3fcm_dsp_id%3d31%26external_user_id%3dQ7164492491776345782&uid=Q7164492491776345782&ref=%2Feucm%2Fp%2Fcc
http/1.1
7427.0850000321
7624.1780000273
497
0
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text/html
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/sodar?id=sodar2&v=225&t=2&li=gpt_2022091201&jk=1332434616361216&bg=!AQKlAkbNAAbG3AOo5tw7ACkAdvg8WtZbkRY0CU8vVe9mDMH8nzI-u23U0DdrDKsS1lrMRwdByp_EuwIAAAEQUgAAAARoAQeZAv_j9HO_upF3konYE_h2tyZryrEzG2FUj4opzVH7ThCyDeDjCQbuK5nchEsWOnD_CZstlC_2UwEz6hOMd5VD6v3KQMxY6leHK_Qp7pw-FgU2ScBJSqbsUeu1wEcGxCGdonvGAQYiNQuwrOptdVFxQDTrgj5QrCGzbLw6hWP6tHsdNc9syGERLsHEdARV2PAKW_wly5apF-Ra04WmzYDtNR5ufuNnOXvFT44o6YLzkKUIzgH3rQyneb3OFoXLBPOze7z5RYSYKz0BBz2Sa_05cAhlyPhmh0GJT4jst0oeerSkpZ7FwCLP_xXB2TOqSWFD6MKRvjc7oKQsaGp_PNMWs5m-HD8AM--p4V_baJNKLocock7XxrrbYi8v5uUfLzoXeiaDu-A6L7jlTmcgvx08dqEq_Glqi-01cjocQvTwbZSPDFNSDPFGf5cyLhmWy_a995vyvBwUWp9vOFxMHnYCL4V1dqRssgOecXMdADeWkzlg40HqUP-oH9_SnQTj6tYd_m3p28nGdQCK8WRiTMbzFUnGNGSSpy5aA1CS8xd88G3T2HazcDyXGF6FAgGz69su2D43Qi9xtO7hGuh7k3nCP59Rjm3rcRegPyM5gY0kaPKiTaWYA9JUmTUXc5Soy9SRRW0gnb-ptsU7CDzrMc48y6gkUWG3mrT5KlmZzgR3xK5jUhaq7CkfCzH3SX_KthZo9Pobd9KNUXFqFGpfbAYxfJbJ0F-T7VZ5UnHGPa5j4kYbHv_LQle5yd7jUPJAbymKgw6CZdK4cKWTCmVEAfKPuQCCx5CVDRq9YbeT9mojg0IcN9jIyA-gL7yN67Zn1NCAnzAzKST7cOXk3CRfHBf8sZ20QKgrt2SI9LP5CX7Inaw86upDNeOXiR75tCzdcRdz_LSYEhk1uajrT4Rmd9uGvhK4vN3QyKWj0MllJoqYzAVWmO6yrO4bp6z5wpCVlVA3icBCLaU6XPXZuGmv9WZwcaTO-olahLhyytt00NOOMfryJSOjq41rBruYxnVkWxpXuw
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h2
7624.5290000224
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43
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image/gif
Image
https://ib.adnxs.com/async_usersync?cbfn=queuePixels
http/1.1
7858.5910000256
7965.4170000576
588
0
200
text/html
Script
Network Round Trip Times — 0 ms
High Network RTT (Round Trip Times) can have a large impact on performance. Providing servers geographically closer to the user could improve performance.
Server Backend Latencies — 0 ms
High server latencies indicate the server is overloaded or has a poor backend performance.
Tasks
Below is a list of the top-level main thread tasks that executed during page load.
Start Time (Ms) End Time (Ms)
287.229
16.416
303.939
6.356
333.344
7.841
356.275
5.534
389.738
15.975
405.725
27.417
434.534
13.058
447.615
8.573
459.713
76.556
536.467
5.781
542.259
16.985
559.383
132.077
691.476
7.282
699.598
10.919
711.143
5.074
716.571
38.559
756.554
57.172
814.047
27.378
841.812
6.764
848.787
18.269
878.979
46.586
925.778
18.718
946.888
16.9
963.807
6.587
971.006
8.555
989.94
17.288
1007.414
15.447
1024.87
12.003
1044.259
9.611
1059.011
6.067
1068.268
8.245
1086.34
16.975
1107.041
14.794
1121.89
20.693
1142.897
31.308
1174.268
150.013
1324.329
29.68
1358.037
25.898
1384.011
52.836
1437.57
52.291
1491.135
18.263
1510.452
20.399
1531.534
25.233
1556.804
319.624
1885.015
13.74
1901.873
10.755
1918.022
66.758
1989.471
25.235
2014.797
15.277
2040.282
20.985
2061.31
5.565
2068.039
6.665
2086.644
6.989
2093.677
181.729
2275.465
13.658
2304.178
9.421
2320.971
107.298
2428.718
12.793
2441.521
14.736
2456.268
13.922
2470.222
21.579
2494.148
33.541
2530.599
39.125
2572.185
6.56
2582.671
13.553
2616.35
7.743
2651.738
9.786
2661.606
5.308
2679.934
24.044
2705.883
61.272
2767.176
100.831
2876.164
7.881
2885.746
14.259
2915.118
13.097
2938.355
8.907
2949.099
7.828
2965.221
151.103
3116.419
5.8
3130.483
5.047
3135.561
10.655
3152.229
9.132
3162.188
6.713
3184.706
27.99
3212.71
6.121
3220.789
48.946
3272.707
98.439
3371.233
16.767
3397.328
106.824
3504.252
9.804
3516.987
9.564
3526.589
11.258
3537.873
18.854
3556.803
7.137
3564.335
7.888
3573.937
6.652
3582.754
7.569
3593.167
6.755
3626.783
13.495
3643.201
17.066
3678.141
46.549
3725.192
5.007
3744.243
8.521
3761.698
10.065
3772.064
14.609
3796.149
14.655
3817.341
8.722
3835.59
131.053
3976.227
67.36
4044.386
23.377
4070.714
8.065
4081.457
7.132
4088.631
7.596
4100.247
11.11
4112.268
12.486
4124.773
7.315
4134.242
29.673
4166.523
79.384
4251.235
84.779
4336.159
83.993
4423.323
8.984
4436.013
6.302
4443.509
10.087
4462.184
5.542
4468.62
7.688
4485.417
46.503
4544.089
10.244
4557.162
169.582
4761.543
6.341
4768.29
41.032
4810.192
8
4818.225
10.5
4830.816
6.607
4837.763
6.131
4874.869
41.634
4916.558
37.872
4954.665
10.724
4967.193
9.957
4993.417
37.699
5031.468
6.595
5038.714
5.72
5083.9
5.012
5088.961
8.733
5100.682
9.474
5110.223
9.73
5123.388
13.052
5137.606
22.119
5159.755
6.42
5166.378
60.324
5226.756
7.539
5257.036
20.125
5295.119
9.649
5308.185
50.352
5360.952
6.342
5370.159
35.38
5412.142
34.434
5447.726
9.646
5463.056
9.651
5482.594
14.37
5505.409
10.875
5524.596
5.946
5530.969
5.241
5558.72
50.334
5621.4
10.952
5637.182
157.602
5803.564
122.824
5929.722
6.966
5945.271
9.64
6082.136
7.491
6395.582
33.483
6433.842
10.361
6445.01
6.243
6451.281
6.918
6465.549
6.049
6480.033
5.709
6492.32
15.534
6509.004
8.232
6518.992
6.89
6531.01
7.036
6541.608
6.943
6549.156
8.694
6559.607
11.136
6584.541
6.066
6599.118
6.081
6607.613
5.249
6655.172
23.613
6685.925
14.558
6702.344
5.878
6713.27
11.702
6726.591
6.393
6740.008
16.312
6776.188
6.321
6785.789
15.377
6802.408
6.942
6811.993
17.31
6829.326
5.276
6838.891
11.438
6850.501
8.442
6862.569
17.708
6880.923
13.143
6896.724
11.797
6909.952
13.147
6924.45
11.221
6936.981
5.696
7444.492
5.152
7450.012
5.292
8423.267
11.758
Diagnostics
Below is a collection of useful page vitals.
View Data
Metrics
Below is a collection of metrics.
View Data
Script Treemap Data
Provide as required, for treemap app.

Other

Minify CSS — Potential savings of 5 KiB
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) files can contribute to network payload sizes. Britannica.com should consider minifying CSS files.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
20952
5332
Reduce unused CSS — Potential savings of 39 KiB
Dead and/or unused rules in Style Sheets (CSS) can contribute to network payload sizes. Britannica.com should consider removing dead rules from style sheets and deferring the loading of CSS not used for above-the-fold content.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
21981
21047
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
20952
19366
Avoid enormous network payloads — Total size was 3,899 KiB
Large network payloads can cost users money and are linked to long load times.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
265132
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237961
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
198118
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
183053
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162892
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
144751
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
132052
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v139/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNcIhQ8tQ.woff2
129289
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
128901
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
127037
Avoid an excessive DOM size — 1,102 elements
A large DOM (Document Object Model) will increase memory usage, cause longer system calculations as well as costly layout reflows.
Statistic Element Value
Total DOM Elements
1102
Maximum DOM Depth
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
16
Maximum Child Elements
body.homepage
43

Metrics

First Contentful Paint — 4.2 s
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered.
Time to Interactive — 33.5 s
The time taken for the page to become fully interactive.
Speed Index — 16.7 s
The time taken for the page contents to be visibly populated.
Total Blocking Time — 5,630 ms
The total blocking time is the sum of all time periods between First Contentful Paint and Time to Interactive (when task length exceeded 50ms).
Largest Contentful Paint — 7.1 s
The timing of the largest text or image that is painted.

Audits

Max Potential First Input Delay — 640 ms
Users could experience a delay when interacting with the page.
First Meaningful Paint — 4.2 s
The time taken for the primary content of the page to be rendered.

Other

Eliminate render-blocking resources — Potential savings of 2,080 ms
Resources, such as JavaScript and style sheets, can block the first paint of the page. Britannica.com should consider delivering critical JavaScript/style sheets (JS/CSS) inline and deferring all non-critical JS/CSS.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Ms)
https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons
1146
780
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
20952
930
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
21981
300
Properly size images — Potential savings of 637 KiB
Images can slow down the page's load time. Britannica.com should consider serving more appropriate-sized images.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
264444
166414
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237271
149314
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
197430
124242
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
110667
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162211
102079
Defer offscreen images — Potential savings of 1,040 KiB
Time to Interactive can be slowed down by resources on the page. Britannica.com should consider lazy-loading offscreen and hidden images.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
264444
264444
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237271
237271
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
197430
197430
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
182366
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162211
162211
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
15646
15646
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/images/footer/background.png
5462
5462
Reduce unused JavaScript — Potential savings of 545 KiB
It is advised to remove unused JavaScript in order to reduce bytes consumed by network activity.
URL Transfer Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/library/e83d0779b9662230d245c1cf81c30128
127037
79220
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
87285
68719
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
128901
57778
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
132052
49047
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
144751
47116
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
115463
46531
https://confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/gptprebidnative/202205091138/wrap.js
63669
40884
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
75124
34320
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-6636134-11&l=dataLayer&cx=c
42907
33184
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/amp4ads-v0.mjs
63212
30811
https://bc-script.britannica.com/plugin/plugin/17fb1be9eabb5e49eb9d77373b99c549
48808
27760
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
43724
22048
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-6636134-11
43941
20811
Serve images in next-gen formats — Potential savings of 863 KiB
Consider JPEG 2000, JPEG XR or WebP image formats which provide better compression than PNG and JPEG.
URL Resource Size (Bytes) Potential Savings (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
264444
232268.3
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
237271
200070.9
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
197430
174244.3
https://bc-script.britannica.com/rest/dialogues/files/5bed5175-f4cd-4bcd-a5ff-5eb9c1c5b7b5/App-Funnel.png
182366
149853.65
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
162211
126866.25
Avoid multiple page redirects — Potential savings of 1,110 ms
Redirects can cause additional delays before the page can begin loading. Britannica.com should avoid multiple or unnecessary page redirects.
URL Time Spent (Ms)
http://britannica.com/
630
https://britannica.com/
480
https://www.britannica.com/
0
Serve static assets with an efficient cache policy — 62 resources found
Britannica.com can speed up repeat visits by increasing the cache lifetime, which is essentially how long before a cached copy expires.
URL Cache TTL (Ms) Transfer Size (Bytes)
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Sunscreens_EB.png
0
265132
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
0
237961
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
0
198118
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Always-Pans-Reviews.png
0
162892
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
0
115463
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.71.46
0
30656
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/mendel-css.css?v=3.71.46
0
21981
https://cdn-magiclinks.trackonomics.net/client/static/v2/merriamwebster_6e5b0_encyclopediabritannica.js
0
20992
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/vendor-bundle.css?v=3.71.46
0
20952
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
0
15646
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js
0
4425
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js
0
2903
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.css?v=3.71.46
0
1527
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0
842
https://pixel.tapad.com/idsync/ex/receive?partner_id=2040&partner_device_id=91336321-d9de-4b00-b06a-82ae51c80266&gdpr=&gdpr_consent=
0
836
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.79765dc7.css
0
826
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.77f321c9.css
0
823
https://px.ads.linkedin.com/setuid?partner=rubiconDb&dbredirect=true&ruxId=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
0
793
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/adview?ai=CjYlG3tkhY5WkH87nnwSO9anwB67_y-hXjKCs2L0EvtCwxcwpEAEgqK-qFWDJlvKKtKTYD6ABk87O_QPIAQLgAgCoAwHIAwiqBO8BT9BtZsuOFk7yffk8nwFIqXJ2ojj1mBycDmmwoipKq5HYBen6hfItislCaerdBkw4jI07cDwmziDB6LdK4JN39wybwOG7O23SSA26NqepbYS4gj-b6haAYpHafSN_2laDeGdrRTR5__vMs_QmeqCQRrsdTLtuXCgZEByLFxuXpS-o6PrM2yqFakZ5GkD9CfA701EeAnEs-S8b6GFWQvwfPqqXlDQNs6_Tq2Y1ZGCoXh5be7isLVZTfzHYglElVLsc6yxd_LuUeYE3JE7LmhKJxYR6nJ6ToXkzXcUrea0UX6bxBNA6hPcyKmxHkkzoeJzABOnq5O0V4AQBiAWhhIQ6kgUECAQYAZIFBAgFGASSBQQIBRgYkgUFCAUYqAGgBgLYBgKAB9WxsQKoB47OG6gHk9gbqAfulrECqAf-nrECqAeko7ECqAfVyRuoB6a-G9gHAfIHAxDwLqAI78OlBLAIAtIIDwiAYRABGB0yAooCOgKAQIAKA8gLAdgTDYIUFBoSd3d3LmJyaXRhbm5pY2EuY29t0BUBmBYBgBcBshceChwIABIUcHViLTg1MDE2NzQ0MzA5MDkwODIYwOAQ&sigh=RH95o2Hnpec&uach_m=[UACH]
0
648
https://tags.bluekai.com/site/15597?id=dlgkqteuh5i3kap1igsgtbobr
0
566
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=55&uid=$UID/34d9ca38-dbb0-4655-a778-0587c92da346-6321d9e0-5553
0
495
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=56&uid=y-74SA9yVE2uE8Twylh3SvVExLBvT2DSQHJiB18cE-~A
0
484
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=39&uid=d13b6f9d-d902-4602-9700-faf4771db704
0
476
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=46&uid=f9cf044c-c2c6-41d6-b9c5-4a599d1d2eef&ttl=1665754848
0
476
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=53&uid=D2A1A8DF-4C45-42DD-9DA5-EBE51801EF1C
0
476
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partnerId=57&uid=YyHZ3cRIYmzHIo8ZeiX20AAAChgAAAAB
0
472
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partner=rubicon&uid=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
0
456
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partner=rubicon&uid=L81O7SFN-1J-BRR6
0
456
https://p.adsymptotic.com/d/px/?_pid=16218&_psign=0aa5badf92527f7732e22463d6fa4dbc&coopa=0&gdpr=0&gdpr_consent=&_puuid=9699e08a-56c4-4064-81a4-7b0f1aff176a&_noobservation=1&_expected_cookie=78337ff34a85c3197e4db1eec3d26d2e
0
399
https://match.deepintent.com/usersync/142?redir=https%3A%2F%2Fusersync.gumgum.com%2Fusersync%3Fb%3Ddit%26i%3D%24%7BDI_USER_ID%7D
0
337
https://usr.undertone.com/userPixel/sync?partner=verizon&uid=y-i_zwfBNE2uG0xP0FhNpyPImwR4jAqgK7~A
0
322
https://collector.brandmetrics.com/c.js?siteid=f9816ecc-b51b-4747-bc3e-1ea86a0677a2&toploc=www.britannica.com&rnd=3495145
0
115
https://insitez.blob.core.windows.net/site/f780f33e-a610-4ac2-af81-3eb184037547.js
300000
489
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
1200000
87285
https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js
1200000
28006
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
3600000
144751
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
3600000
43724
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&cb=93
3600000
16846
https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/scripts/bundle/65568.js?sid=f9816ecc-b51b-4747-bc3e-1ea86a0677a2&toploc=www.britannica.com
3600000
14326
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
3600000
14221
https://pghub.io/js/pandg-sdk.js
3600000
4762
https://cdn.brandmetrics.com/tag/aa466d868b2742ffa2cc31bb6341dc12/cafemedia.js
3600000
2786
https://www.google-analytics.com/plugins/ua/linkid.js
3600000
1679
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.css
3600000
843
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
7200000
20630
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11422000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11422000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11422000
9875
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
11422000
9875
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
86400000
128901
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gadgets/html5/addata.js
86400000
11143
https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v652eace1692a40cfa3763df669d7439c1639079717194
86400000
5518
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gadgets/html5/api/exitapi-impl.js
86400000
4030
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/images/adchoices/en.png
86400000
3166
https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js
86400000
2378
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/images/adchoices/icon.png
86400000
956
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/abg_lite_fy2021.js
1209600000
10328
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/qs_click_protection_fy2021.js
1209600000
8340
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2127
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2127
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2127
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/r20220912/r20110914/client/window_focus_fy2021.js
1209600000
2127
Reduce JavaScript execution time — 15.1 s
JavaScript (JS) execution time can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
URL Total CPU Time (Ms) Script Evaluation (Ms) Script Parse (Ms)
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/vendor/prebid/es5/prebid.min.js
3179.712
2607.76
33.06
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/gpt/pubads_impl_2022091201.js?cb=31069553
2920.904
2523.084
42.728
Unattributable
2352.132
50.848
0.564
https://www.britannica.com/
2137.392
193.96
61.26
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
1359.112
1170.464
49.66
https://www.googletagservices.com/activeview/js/current/rx_lidar.js?cache=r20110914
1168.756
1056.14
67.224
https://91c085fce1e23ea87015814ca0f1c777.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
1143.428
145.988
123.176
https://bc-script.britannica.com/script.js
1011.948
868.752
10.064
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
837.668
626.388
35.64
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sodar/sodar2/225/runner.html
705
662.62
7.552
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/pagead/gadgets/html5/addata.js
659.792
645.092
1.916
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/amp4ads-v0.mjs
500.064
279.564
12.64
https://www.googleoptimize.com/optimize.js?id=OPT-TD96PKG
459.084
396.556
18.764
https://ads.adthrive.com/sites/61575e5c934c481d714b3ca9/ads.min.js?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2F&cb=93
441.508
237.096
4.744
https://s.amazon-adsystem.com/v3/pr?exlist=gg_n-mediagrid_n-index_n-sharethrough_n-onetag_pm-db5_ym_rbd_ox-db5_an-db5_3lift&fv=1.0&a=cm&cm3ppd=1&dmt=3
303.496
7.784
5.136
https://rtb.gumgum.com/usync/amzns2s?r=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dgg.com%26id%3D
245.32
8.088
4.392
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-TE6YF92Y0D&l=dataLayer&cx=c
218.768
198.044
17.036
https://cdn-magiclinks.trackonomics.net/client/static/v2/merriamwebster_6e5b0_encyclopediabritannica.js
194.352
188.256
4.796
https://eus.rubiconproject.com/usync.js
191.856
168.768
17.888
https://confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/gptprebidnative/202205091138/wrap.js
188.696
102.676
36.8
https://connect.facebook.net/signals/config/2553589638276202?v=2.9.79&r=stable
161.016
137.252
19.832
https://confiant-integrations.global.ssl.fastly.net/mOinGM9MTu5v-Lto835XLhlrSPY/gpt_and_prebid/config.js
156.828
61.252
29.476
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/js/libs/jquery-3.5.0.min.js?v=3.71.46
154.812
138.92
8.356
https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js
151.316
105.612
24.408
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
150.076
91.608
15.084
https://cdn.id5-sync.com/api/1.0/id5-api.js
146
133.016
4.28
https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sadbundle/$csp%3Der3$/8968111732668423170/index.html
133.384
55.648
3.996
https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js
128.052
117.3
7.256
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/bg/FHpShV1mxK7-vEDgabWRx1F_1C_sXVOjrUI6-UzV2sE.js
124.956
108.172
9.276
https://ats.rlcdn.com/ats.js
120.088
108.56
9.176
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?predirect=https%3A%2F%2Fusersync.gumgum.com%2Fusersync%3Fb%3Dpbm%26i%3D&gdpr=&gdprConsent=
118.556
18.5
8.724
https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-6636134-11
104.468
94.84
7.548
https://static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js
103.592
97.876
3.984
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?p=156011&s=165626&predirect=https%3A%2F%2Fs.amazon-adsystem.com%2Fecm3%3Fex%3Dpubmatic.com%26id%3DPM_UID
97.776
23.332
9.136
https://ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/user_sync.html?kdntuid=1&p=157347&us_privacy=1---
94.604
26.652
18.952
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.mjs
86.428
75.728
6.392
https://eb2.3lift.com/sync?us_privacy=1---&
82.224
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63.128
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62.936
0
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Minimize main-thread work — 24.9 s
Main-thread work timing can be lowered by reducing the time required for parsing, compiling and executing JS. Delivering smaller JS payloads may help with this.
Category Time Spent (Ms)
Script Evaluation
14568.732
Other
4821.8519999999
Style & Layout
1572.44
Garbage Collection
1093.956
Script Parsing & Compilation
1068.16
Parse HTML & CSS
995.852
Rendering
738.42000000001
Ensure text remains visible during webfont load
Make use of the font-display CSS feature, which will ensure text is user-visible while webfonts are loading.
URL Potential Savings (Ms)
https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/materialicons/v139/flUhRq6tzZclQEJ-Vdg-IuiaDsNcIhQ8tQ.woff2
10.256999987178
Reduce the impact of third-party code — Third-party code blocked the main thread for 4,240 ms
It is advised to either limit, remove or delay the loading of redundant third-party code which may be significantly impacting load performance.
Third-Party Transfer Size (Bytes) Main-Thread Blocking Time (Ms)
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689986
3431.1
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226703
155.132
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64134
152.02
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52476
145.904
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6102
125.792
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115917
70.86
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38418
48.28
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24140
36.828
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16331
27.168
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118644
24.052
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141108
13.372
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Largest Contentful Paint image was lazily loaded
Above-the-fold images that are lazily loaded render later in the page lifecycle, which can delay the largest contentful paint.
Element
Portrait of Louis XIV - oil on canvas after Hyacinthe Rigaud, after 1701; in th…
Avoid `document.write()`
Avoid or limit the use of external scripts that are dynamically injected via 'document.write()' as users on slow connections will be delayed by tens of seconds.
Source
SHOW DETAILS
SHOW DETAILS
Image elements do not have explicit `width` and `height`
Reduce layout shifts and improve CLS by setting explicit width and height properties on image elements.
URL
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Bloomscape-Review-Reviews-by-Britannica.png
https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Best-Compression-Socks_EB.png
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https://www.britannica.com/reviews/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/EB-Reviews-Logo-gr-1.svg
First Contentful Paint (3G) — 8550 ms
The time taken for the first image or text on the page to be rendered while on a 3G network.
83

Accessibility

Indicates how accessible the page is and highlights opportunities where the page can be made more accessible to users of britannica.com. This includes details about various page attributes that can be optimized.

Navigation

`[accesskey]` values are unique
Access keys assist users with focusing on different parts of the page. Each access key should be unique for proper navigation.
The page contains a heading, skip link, or landmark region
It is advised to provide ways to bypass repetitive content, allowing users to navigate the page efficiently.
`[id]` attributes on active, focusable elements are unique
Ensure all focusable elements have a unique id value to allow them to be visible to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
No element has a `[tabindex]` value greater than 0
Although technically valid, a tabindex value greater than 0 often creates frustrating experiences for users who rely on assistive technologies.

ARIA

`[aria-*]` attributes match their roles
Avoid mismatching 'aria-*' attributes and their 'role' value, as it invalidates the attribute.
`button`, `link`, and `menuitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` is not present on the document `<body>`
If aria-hidden=true is set on the document body, assistive technologies, like a screen reader will work inconsistently.
`[aria-hidden="true"]` elements do not contain focusable descendents
Interactive elements within an aria-hidden=true element are unavailable to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
ARIA input fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when an input field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `meter` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `progressbar` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[role]`s have all required `[aria-*]` attributes
Some ARIA roles have required 'aria-*' attributes, which provide essential information about state and functionality.
Elements with an ARIA `[role]` that require children to contain a specific `[role]` have all required children.
Some ARIA parent roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific child roles are not used.
`[role]`s are contained by their required parent element
Some ARIA child roles cannot perform their intended functions if specific parent roles are not used.
`[role]` values are valid
All ARIA roles require valid values to perform their intended functions.
ARIA toggle fields have accessible names
Generic names are announced to users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader, when a toggle field does not have an accessible name specified.
ARIA `tooltip` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
ARIA `treeitem` elements have accessible names
Without accessible names on elements, screen readers will default to announcing a generic name, which means your content will be less accessible to users who rely on screen readers.
`[aria-*]` attributes have valid values
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid values when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
`[aria-*]` attributes are valid and not misspelled
ARIA attributes cannot be interpreted with invalid names when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
ARIA IDs are unique
Ensure all ARIA ID values are unique to prevent elements from being overlooked by assistive technologies, like a screen reader.

Contrast

Background and foreground colors have a sufficient contrast ratio
Many (if not most) users find low-contrast text difficult or impossible to read.

Tables and lists

`<dl>`'s contain only properly-ordered `<dt>` and `<dd>` groups, `<script>`, `<template>` or `<div>` elements.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies may produce poor and inaccurate output when definition lists are not properly marked up.
Definition list items are wrapped in `<dl>` elements
In order for screen readers and other assistive technologies to properly announce definition list items ('<dt>' and '<dd>'), they must be wrapped in parent a '<dl>' element.
Lists contain only `<li>` elements and script supporting elements (`<script>` and `<template>`).
Use proper list structure to aid screen readers and other assistive technologies.
List items (`<li>`) are contained within `<ul>` or `<ol>` parent elements
In order for screen readers to announce list items, ensure that list items ('<li>') are contained within parent '<ul>' or '<ol>' tags.
Cells in a `<table>` element that use the `[headers]` attribute refer to table cells within the same table.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that '<td>' cells using the headers attribute only refer to other cells in the same table, to improve screen reader user experience.
`<th>` elements and elements with `[role="columnheader"/"rowheader"]` have data cells they describe.
Screen readers and other assistive technologies have features to make navigating tables easier. Ensure that table headers refer to some set of cells, to improve screen reader user experience.

Names and labels

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
No form fields have multiple labels
Having multiple labels for form fields can be confusing to assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
`<frame>` or `<iframe>` elements have a title
Screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on frame titles to describe the contents of frames.
`<input type="image">` elements have `[alt]` text
Input buttons with alternative text assist screen readers and other assistive technology users to understand its purpose.
Form elements have associated labels
Screen readers and other assistive technologies rely on labels to properly announce form controls.
`<object>` elements have alternate text
It is advised that alt text is used on '<object>' elements in order to provide meaning to screen reader and other assistive technology users, as these technologies are unable to translate non-text content.

Internationalization and localization

`<html>` element has a `[lang]` attribute
It is advised to provide a lang attribute so that screen readers and other assistive technologies are guaranteed to announce the page's text correctly. When not provided, the user's default language setting will be used which may cause inaccuracies.
`<html>` element has a valid value for its `[lang]` attribute
Specify a valid BCP 47 language in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.
`[lang]` attributes have a valid value
Specify a valid BCP 47 language on elements in order to help screen readers and other assistive technologies announce text properly.

Best practices

The document does not use `<meta http-equiv="refresh">`
Pages that refresh automatically cause a poor user experience as focus is directed back to the top of the page unexpectedly.
`[user-scalable="no"]` is not used in the `<meta name="viewport">` element and the `[maximum-scale]` attribute is not less than 5.
For users with low vision who rely on screen magnification, ensure that zooming is not disabled.

Audio and video

`<video>` elements contain a `<track>` element with `[kind="captions"]`
Britannica.com may provide assistance to deaf or hearing-impaired users with captions on videos.

Names and labels

Buttons do not have an accessible name
Buttons become unusable as they are announced simply as "button" when the button does not have an accessible name, when used by screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Failing Elements
header#header > div.grid > div.col-auto > button.js-toggle
header#header > div.grid > div.col-auto > button.js-toggle
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
div.grid > div.col-100 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-logo > img.col-65
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-40 > a > img.col-70
Links do not have a discernible name
In order to improve the navigation for screen reader and other assistive technology users, use link text that is unique, focusable and discernible.

Navigation

Heading elements are not in a sequentially-descending order
Properly order all headers and do not skip heading levels to better the navigation and readability for users of assistive technologies, like a screen reader.
Failing Elements
Bloomscape Delivers High-Quality Plants to Your Door

Manual Checks

The page has a logical tab order
The visual layout should be logical in its tab order and users cannot focus elements that are offscreen.
Interactive controls are keyboard focusable
Ensure that custom interactive controls are keyboard focusable and that a focus indicator is displayed.
Interactive elements indicate their purpose and state
Ensure that interactive elements (such as links and buttons) are distinguishable from non-interactive elements and that they indicate their state.
The user's focus is directed to new content added to the page
When new content (such as a dialogue) is added to the page, the user's focus should be directed to it.
User focus is not accidentally trapped in a region
Avoid focus being accidentally trapped when a user tabs in and out of controls or regions on page.
Custom controls have associated labels
Ensure that custom interactive controls have associated labels, which are provided by aria-label and aria-labelledby attributes.
Custom controls have ARIA roles
Ensure that all custom interactive controls have appropriate ARIA roles.
Visual order on the page follows DOM order
Ensure that the DOM order matches with the page's visual order, in order to improve navigation for screen readers and other assistive technologies.
Offscreen content is hidden from assistive technology
Ensure that offscreen content is hidden through the use of "display:none" styling or the aria-hidden attribute.
HTML5 landmark elements are used to improve navigation
Elements such as <main> and <nav> are recommended as they are used by screen readers and other assistive technologies to improve keyboard navigation.
75

Best Practices

Indicates the recommended, best practices currently in place on the page and highlights the best practices that britannica.com should incorporate. This includes practices such as protecting pages with HTTPS.

Audits

Avoids requesting the geolocation permission on page load
When requesting a user's location, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids requesting the notification permission on page load
When requesting permission to send notifications, provide context or consider tying the request to a user action to avoid confusion and mistrust from users.
Avoids front-end JavaScript libraries with known security vulnerabilities
Ensure that the use of third-party scripts is minimal and that only trusted third-party scripts are used as some may contain known security vulnerabilities which may be exploited by attackers.
Ensure CSP is effective against XSS attacks
Significantly reduce the risk of cross-site scripting attacks (XSS) by ensuring you have a strong Content Security Policy (CSP).
Description Directive Severity
No CSP found in enforcement mode
High

Audits

Allows users to paste into password fields
Ensure that password inputs may be pasted into to aid in the user's ability to use password managers and improve security.
Displays images with correct aspect ratio
Ensure that image display dimensions match their natural aspect ratio.
Serves images with appropriate resolution
For maximum image clarity, ensure images have natural dimensions and are proportional to the display size and pixel ratio.
Fonts with `font-display: optional` are preloaded
It is recommended that optional fonts are preloaded.

Audits

Page has the HTML doctype
Ensure a doctype is specified to prevent the browser from switching to quirks-mode.
Properly defines charset
It is advised to declare a character encoding, optionally via a <meta> tag in the first 1024 bytes of the HTML or in the Content-Type HTTP response header.

Audits

Detected JavaScript libraries
Below is a list of all front-end JavaScript libraries that were detected on the page.
Name Version
jQuery
3.5.0
Mustache
2.2.1
core-js
core-js-global@3.22.2; core-js-global@3.22.2; core-js-pure@3.0.0; core-js-global@3.19.2
Avoids deprecated APIs
Avoid deprecated APIs which will eventually be removed the browser.

Audits

Does not use HTTPS — 1 insecure request found
Ensure that all pages are protected with HTTPS (including those that do not handle sensitive data) as HTTPS prevents tampering and passive listening on communications between the app and its users. Additionally, HTTPS is a prerequisite for HTTP/2 and many new web platform APIs.
Insecure URL Request Resolution
http://britannica.com/
Allowed

Audits

Browser errors were logged to the console
Below is a list of all errors logged to the console, which indicate unresolved problems on the site.
Source Description
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Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 400 (Bad Request)
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Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 400 (Bad Request)
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Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 410 (Gone)
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Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
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Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 503 (Service Unavailable)
SHOW DETAILS
Refused to frame 'https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/' because it violates the following Content Security Policy directive: "frame-src cm.g.doubleclick.net googleads.g.doubleclick.net www.google.com accounts.google.com pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/s/cookie_push.html gmsg: https://tpc.googlesyndication.com/sadbundle/$csp=er3$/8968111732668423170/index.html".
Missing source maps for large first-party JavaScript
Consider deploying source maps for added benefits such as the ability to debug while in production.
URL Map URL
https://ads.adthrive.com/builds/core/6e1f578/es5/js/adthrive.min.js?deployment=stable&experiments=amazonLoad,prebidLoad,gptLoad,rubiconFloors,recencyFrequency
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-form-0.1.mjs
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-form-0.1.mjs.map
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-fit-text-0.1.mjs
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-fit-text-0.1.mjs.map
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.mjs
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-analytics-0.1.mjs.map
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-ad-exit-0.1.mjs
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/v0/amp-ad-exit-0.1.mjs.map
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/amp4ads-v0.mjs
https://cdn.ampproject.org/rtv/012208242209000/amp4ads-v0.mjs.map
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js
https://c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js.map
https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/bg/FHpShV1mxK7-vEDgabWRx1F_1C_sXVOjrUI6-UzV2sE.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js?v=3.71.46
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/home-page.js.map
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/9053.7e379a51.js.map
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js
https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel-resources/3-71/dist/5702.1e6af0ce.js.map
Issues were logged in the `Issues` panel in Chrome Devtools
There may be unresolved issues logged to Chrome Devtools.
Issue type
Cookie
Content security policy
85

SEO

Indicates how well the page is optimized for ranking in search engines and highlights Search Engine Optimization (SEO) opportunities for britannica.com. This includes optimizations such as providing meta data.

Mobile Friendly

Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.
Document uses legible font sizes — 100% legible text
Font sizes of 12px or less are too small to most mobile users without user gestures and further action. Aim for more than 60% of page text to use font sizes greater than 12px.
Source Selector % of Page Text Font Size
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100.00%
≥ 12px

Content Best Practices

Document has a `<title>` element
Search engines, screen reader users and other assistive technology users rely on the title to provide an overview of the page and to help determine if the page is relevant to their search.
Document has a meta description
Meta descriptions may be used by search engines when displaying a link to the page and should concisely summarize the page's content.
Document has a valid `hreflang`
Search engines can be instructed to list specific versions of a page for a given language or region through the use of hreflang links.
Document has a valid `rel=canonical`
Search engines can be suggested which URL should be shown in search results through the use of canonical links.
Document avoids plugins
The content of plugins cannot be indexed by search engines and many devices either restrict or do not support them.

Crawling and Indexing

Page has successful HTTP status code
Avoid pages with unsuccessful HTTP status codes as they may not be indexed by search engines.
Links are crawlable
Ensure that the 'href' attribute of anchor elements links to the appropriate destination. This allows for more pages of the site to be discovered by search engines.
Page isn’t blocked from indexing
Pages that cannot be crawled by search engines cannot be indexed or included in their search results. Ensure that search engines have permission to crawl all pages that should be indexed.
robots.txt is valid
Malformed robots.txt files prevent crawlers from understanding how a site wants to be crawled or indexed, which can be devastating to SEO.

Mobile Friendly

Tap targets are not sized appropriately — 98% appropriately sized tap targets
Interactive elements (such as buttons and links) should be appropriately spaced, sized and easy enough to select or tap with regard to their surrounding elements.
Tap Target Size Overlapping Target
Next
36x36
Learn about the Japanese American internment camp Heart Mountain
Next
36x36
Catedral at night on Plaza de Armas (also known as plaza mayor) Lima, Peru.
Next
32x32
Geography & Travel

Content Best Practices

Links do not have descriptive text — 1 link found
Make use of descriptive link text to assist search engines in understanding the content.
Image elements do not have `[alt]` attributes
Provide short and descriptive alternative text where possible on informative elements.
Failing Elements
div.grid > div.col-100 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-logo > img.col-65
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-50 > a.gtm-reviews-cta-card > img.col-100
div.grid > div.col-sm-40 > a > img.col-70

Manual Checks

Structured data is valid
Structured data can be validated through the use of the Structured Data Testing Tool and the Structured Data Linter.
30

PWA

Indicates how valid the aspects of a Progressive Web App (PWA) are for the page and highlights opportunities to enable/improve the PWA of britannica.com. This includes details about web app manifests.

PWA Optimized

Content is sized correctly for the viewport
Ensure that the width of the app's content matches the width of the viewport, otherwise the app might not be optimized for mobile screens.
Has a `<meta name="viewport">` tag with `width` or `initial-scale`
It is advised to use a '<meta name="viewport">' tag for the optimization of britannica.com on mobile screens.

Installable

Web app manifest or service worker do not meet the installability requirements — 1 reason
User engagement may be increased by leveraging the browsers ability to proactively prompt users to add the app to their homescreen.
Failure reason
No manifest was fetched

PWA Optimized

Does not register a service worker that controls page and `start_url`
A service worker is used to provide Progressive Web Apps the use of features such as working offline, the ability for the app to be added to the homescreen as well as push notifications.
Is not configured for a custom splash screen
Themed splash screens ensure a high-quality user experience at launch for app users.
View Data
Does not set a theme color for the address bar.
A theme may be applied to the browser address bar, which ideally can be made to match the site.
View Data
Does not provide a valid `apple-touch-icon`
iOS users of Progressive Web Apps will benefit from an apple touch icon, which can be defined with 'apple-touch-icon', which must point to a non-transparent 192px (or 180px) square PNG.
Manifest doesn't have a maskable icon
Maskable icons are great to ensure that images fill the entire shape when installing the app on a device.

Manual Checks

Site works cross-browser
Ensure that the Progressive Web App works correctly across every major browser.
Page transitions don't feel like they block on the network
Users perceive apps with responsive, snappy transitions as higher peforming and ensures a great user experience, even on a slow network.
Each page has a URL
Ensure that all pages are deep linkable via URL. They should also be unique for the purpose of shareability on social media.
Hosting

Server Location

Server IP Address: 44.207.150.15
Continent:
Country:
Region:
City:
Longitude:
Latitude:
Currencies:
Languages:

Web Hosting Provider

Name IP Address
Amazon Data Services NoVa
Registration

Domain Registrant

Private Registration: No
Name: Domain Administrator
Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Country: US
City: Chicago
State: IL
Post Code: 60654
Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Phone: +1.3123477000
Note: Registration information is derived from various sources and may be inaccurate.

Domain Registrar

Name IP Address
CSC CORPORATE DOMAINS, INC. 204.74.99.103
Security

Visitor Safety

Mature Content: Not Likely
McAfee WebAdvisor Rating: Unknown
WOT Rating:
WOT Trustworthiness: 93/100
WOT Child Safety: 93/100
Note: Safety information is not guaranteed.

SSL/TLS Certificate

Issued To: sni.cloudflaressl.com
Issued By: Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
Valid From: 11th February, 2023
Valid To: 11th February, 2024
Subject: CN = sni.cloudflaressl.com
O = Cloudflare, Inc.
L = San Francisco
S = US
Hash: c959965e
Issuer: CN = Cloudflare Inc ECC CA-3
O = Cloudflare, Inc.
S = US
Version: 2
Serial Number: 6034780870459655904671091314002427001
Serial Number (Hex): 048A41AB345A1C9A0DEEEE256676FC79
Valid From: 11th February, 2024
Valid To: 11th February, 2024
Signature Algorithm (Short Name): ecdsa-with-SHA256
Signature Algorithm (Long Name): ecdsa-with-SHA256
Authority Key Identifier: keyid:A5:CE:37:EA:EB:B0:75:0E:94:67:88:B4:45:FA:D9:24:10:87:96:1F
Extended Key Usage: TLS Web Server Authentication, TLS Web Client Authentication
CRL Distribution Points:
Full Name:
URI:http://crl3.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crl

Full Name:
URI:http://crl4.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crl
Certificate Policies: Policy: 2.23.140.1.2.2
CPS: http://www.digicert.com/CPS
Authority Information Access: OCSP - URI:http://ocsp.digicert.com
CA Issuers - URI:http://cacerts.digicert.com/CloudflareIncECCCA-3.crt
SCT List: Signed Certificate Timestamp:
Version : v1 (0x0)
Log ID : EE:CD:D0:64:D5:DB:1A:CE:C5:5C:B7:9D:B4:CD:13:A2:
32:87:46:7C:BC:EC:DE:C3:51:48:59:46:71:1F:B5:9B
Timestamp : Feb 11 03:21:02.576 2023 GMT
Extensions: none
Signature : ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:20:30:25:53:13:B9:CE:43:AE:9A:FF:09:8F:
38:C1:C8:0F:54:B4:6B:16:7C:D9:B1:B9:A7:3A:AC:74:
7D:8F:BC:A3:02:21:00:E3:6B:B3:07:14:CD:10:4E:38:
B5:FE:5C:9D:14:6C:92:FB:84:2F:3C:39:82:C6:C5:26:
F6:DC:34:98:7D:1A:3C
Signed Certificate Timestamp:
Version : v1 (0x0)
Log ID : 73:D9:9E:89:1B:4C:96:78:A0:20:7D:47:9D:E6:B2:C6:
1C:D0:51:5E:71:19:2A:8C:6B:80:10:7A:C1:77:72:B5
Timestamp : Feb 11 03:21:02.650 2023 GMT
Extensions: none
Signature : ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:21:00:96:A0:D7:05:90:24:6B:D4:0C:64:6D:
F0:5E:8D:12:2D:D6:7C:26:A3:30:4F:0A:8E:67:9B:0B:
3E:6B:B3:D3:AB:02:20:75:8B:89:78:1D:CD:2E:55:52:
4B:08:8E:DC:BF:9E:FD:2B:14:DA:5B:E1:09:C4:8D:92:
EB:5D:23:0C:CD:E0:0F
Signed Certificate Timestamp:
Version : v1 (0x0)
Log ID : 48:B0:E3:6B:DA:A6:47:34:0F:E5:6A:02:FA:9D:30:EB:
1C:52:01:CB:56:DD:2C:81:D9:BB:BF:AB:39:D8:84:73
Timestamp : Feb 11 03:21:02.601 2023 GMT
Extensions: none
Signature : ecdsa-with-SHA256
30:45:02:20:43:9D:5C:A2:E0:C2:29:2A:C0:CF:A5:39:
16:F1:42:C1:F2:0B:76:BA:54:EB:40:4A:52:B4:7E:4D:
E0:F6:49:15:02:21:00:9A:A5:2F:12:91:74:29:33:EF:
E5:DD:74:CC:E0:97:3B:26:7B:10:28:0D:72:E7:8B:B0:
D4:EE:6F:00:62:F0:0E
Key Usage: Digital Signature
Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE
Subject Alternative Name: DNS:www.britannica.com
DNS:sni.cloudflaressl.com
Technical

DNS Lookup

A Records

Host IP Address Class TTL
britannica.com. 52.207.132.52 IN 60
britannica.com. 34.237.177.94 IN 60

NS Records

Host Nameserver Class TTL
britannica.com. ns-1050.awsdns-03.org. IN 3600
britannica.com. ns-1567.awsdns-03.co.uk. IN 3600
britannica.com. ns-243.awsdns-30.com. IN 3600
britannica.com. ns-829.awsdns-39.net. IN 3600

SOA Records

Domain Name Primary NS Responsible Email TTL
britannica.com. ns-243.awsdns-30.com. awsdns-hostmaster.amazon.com. 900

TXT Records

Host Value Class TTL
britannica.com. ca3-34d513380a624c15b1894f20512d2ca8 IN 1800
britannica.com. ca3-5187b5f7e89c48ce9ac11ac4ad4ba681 IN 1800
britannica.com. facebook-domain-verification=yx5oj1072bsq69m7blcnrkktdu6h4h IN 1800
britannica.com. google-site-verification=iCsMOBxTnqow6GNvW0LQ292qIMjLqMXwpQ6tOfIZgY4 IN 1800
britannica.com. v=spf1 IN 1800

HTTP Response Headers

HTTP-Code: HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: 7th March, 2023
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Server: cloudflare
Connection: keep-alive
vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent
x-tserver: ip-10-145-21-224/127.0.1.1
set-cookie: *
content-language: en-US
x-wserver: 127.0.0.1
x-iset: green
x-xss-protection: 1; mode=block
x-permitted-cross-domain-policies: master-only
expect-ct: max-age=604800
CF-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC
Server-Timing: cf-q-config;dur=6.9999996412662e-06
Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v3?s=Nw1r%2BAhe6bXTq9a3r2cbuTxkZKWaNRZNwsssVM7rjEBh0w19202FZ06EZTALbEdCjBXTrytm8r0747u6m%2FiQZQqP%2FwjqI6DQoJE5pq7%2F9tqtyFj6M1%2Bf63TcjAy4JNuBsEztYw%3D%3D"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
NEL: {"success_fraction":0.01,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800}
CF-RAY: 7a44b5105cd18c7b-EWR
alt-svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400, h3-29=":443"; ma=86400

Whois Lookup

Created: 14th June, 1995
Changed: 9th June, 2022
Expires: 13th June, 2023
Registrar: CSC CORPORATE DOMAINS, INC.
Status: clientTransferProhibited
Nameservers: ns-1050.awsdns-03.org
ns-1567.awsdns-03.co.uk
ns-243.awsdns-30.com
ns-829.awsdns-39.net
Owner Name: Domain Administrator
Owner Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Owner Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Owner Post Code: 60654
Owner City: Chicago
Owner State: IL
Owner Country: US
Owner Phone: +1.3123477000
Owner Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Admin Name: Domain Administrator
Admin Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Admin Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Admin Post Code: 60654
Admin City: Chicago
Admin State: IL
Admin Country: US
Admin Phone: +1.3123477000
Admin Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Tech Name: Domain Administrator
Tech Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Tech Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Tech Post Code: 60654
Tech City: Chicago
Tech State: IL
Tech Country: US
Tech Phone: +1.3123477000
Tech Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Full Whois:
Domain Name: britannica.com
Registry Domain ID: 3021450_DOMAIN_COM-VRSN
Registrar WHOIS Server: whois.corporatedomains.com
Registrar URL: www.cscprotectsbrands.com
Updated Date: 2022-06-09T01:06:27Z
Creation Date: 1995-06-14T00:00:00Z
Registrar Registration Expiration Date: 2023-06-13T04:00:00Z
Registrar: CSC CORPORATE DOMAINS, INC.
Sponsoring Registrar IANA ID: 299
Registrar Abuse Contact Email: domainabuse@cscglobal.com
Registrar Abuse Contact Phone: +1.8887802723
Domain Status: clientTransferProhibited http://www.icann.org/epp#clientTransferProhibited
Registry Registrant ID:
Registrant Name: Domain Administrator
Registrant Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Registrant Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Registrant City: Chicago
Registrant State/Province: IL
Registrant Postal Code: 60654
Registrant Country: US
Registrant Phone: +1.3123477000
Registrant Phone Ext:
Registrant Fax: +1.3122942154
Registrant Fax Ext:
Registrant Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Registry Admin ID:
Admin Name: Domain Administrator
Admin Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Admin Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Admin City: Chicago
Admin State/Province: IL
Admin Postal Code: 60654
Admin Country: US
Admin Phone: +1.3123477000
Admin Phone Ext:
Admin Fax: +1.3122942154
Admin Fax Ext:
Admin Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Registry Tech ID:
Tech Name: Domain Administrator
Tech Organization: Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
Tech Street: 325 North LaSalle Street
Tech City: Chicago
Tech State/Province: IL
Tech Postal Code: 60654
Tech Country: US
Tech Phone: +1.3123477000
Tech Phone Ext:
Tech Fax: +1.3122942154
Tech Fax Ext:
Tech Email: dnsadmin@eb.com
Name Server: ns-1567.awsdns-03.co.uk
Name Server: ns-829.awsdns-39.net
Name Server: ns-1050.awsdns-03.org
Name Server: ns-243.awsdns-30.com
DNSSEC: unsigned
URL of the ICANN WHOIS Data Problem Reporting System: http://wdprs.internic.net/
>>> Last update of WHOIS database: 2022-06-09T01:06:27Z <<<

For more information on Whois status codes, please visit https://icann.org/epp

Corporation Service Company(c) (CSC) The Trusted Partner of More than 50% of the 100 Best Global Brands.

Contact us to learn more about our enterprise solutions for Global Domain Name Registration and Management, Trademark Research and Watching, Brand, Logo and Auction Monitoring, as well SSL Certificate Services and DNS Hosting.

NOTICE: You are not authorized to access or query our WHOIS database through the use of high-volume, automated, electronic processes or for the purpose or purposes of using the data in any manner that violates these terms of use. The Data in the CSC WHOIS database is provided by CSC for information purposes only, and to assist persons in obtaining information about or related to a domain name registration record. CSC does not guarantee its accuracy. By submitting a WHOIS query, you agree to abide by the following terms of use: you agree that you may use this Data only for lawful purposes and that under no circumstances will you use this Data to: (1) allow, enable, or otherwise support the transmission of mass unsolicited, commercial advertising or solicitations via direct mail, e-mail, telephone, or facsimile; or (2) enable high volume, automated, electronic processes that apply to CSC (or its computer systems). CSC reserves the right to terminate your access to the WHOIS database in its sole discretion for any violations by you of these terms of use. CSC reserves the right to modify these terms at any time.

Register your domain name at http://www.cscglobal.com
View Raw Whois

Nameservers

Name IP Address
ns-1050.awsdns-03.org 205.251.196.26
ns-1567.awsdns-03.co.uk 205.251.198.31
ns-243.awsdns-30.com 205.251.192.243
ns-829.awsdns-39.net 205.251.195.61
Related

Subdomains

Domain Subdomain
advocacy.britannica.com
advocacy
global.britannica.com
global

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britannica.com by the numbers infographic

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